球果

花匠小妙招
2025-10-09 10:55

球果裸子植物松柏目（包括杉科）植物，在当年新生长枝的顶端，即由雌球花在受粉受精后发育成的一种长圆形或近球状的结构.一般未成熟时多为１—２个红色或绿色的球状体.雌球花中的胚珠受精后发育成种子，大孢子叶（珠鳞）发育成种鳞（果鳞）。成熟时呈褐色，种鳞均木质化，大多数种类（如油松等）的球果种鳞（果鳞）都裂开，种子随风散落.而也有少数种鳞（果鳞）不开裂，如红松、圆柏等.球果不是果实.在马尾松、落叶松、云杉、冷杉等针叶树，都具有不同形状的球果.此外，也有少数裸子植物，如桧属植物，在叶腋中或小枝顶端也形成球果，在成熟时，种鳞（果鳞）合生并肉质化，球果呈浆果状.少数植物如紫杉，雌花不集成球果，而雄花却呈球果状.Gymnosperms Pinales (including Taxodiaceae) plant, in those days the top of the new growth of branches, that is spent on pollinated female ball after fertilization develop into a long circular or near-spherical structure. In general, when mature, mostly 1-2 a red or green spherical body. female cone in the ovules develop into seeds after fertilization, large sporophyll ( Pearl scales) grow into kinds of scales (fruit scales). Mature brown, kinds of scales were lignified, the majority of species (such as pine, etc.) of the cone kinds of scales (fruit scales) are split, seeds, wind scattered. But there are a few kinds of scales (fruit scales) does not crack , such as Korean pine, juniper and so on. cone is not a fruit. In the pine, larch, spruce, fir and other conifers, the cones have different shapes. In addition, there are a few gymnosperms, such as cypress species, in the axil or sprig to the top has also developed a cone, at maturity, types of scales (fruit scales) Hopson and succulent, berry-like cones was. a small number of plants such as yew, female flower cones are not integrated, while the male flowers Quecheng cone-shaped .