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内蒙古分布的国家重点保护野生植物及区系特征

花匠小妙招
2025-10-23 09:51

摘要： 【目的】根据调整后的《国家重点保护野生植物名录》对内蒙古分布的国家重点保护野生植物种类进行统计梳理,形成内蒙古分布的国家重点保护野生植物名录,为内蒙古野生植物保护工作提供指导与服务。【方法】依据2021年8月7日经国务院批准发布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录》,对照内蒙古现有植物分布,整理出内蒙古国家重点保护野生植物名录,并通过区系研究方法对其区系地理成分进行研究。【结果】形成了内蒙古分布的国家重点保护野生植物名录,共包含国家重点保护野生植物47种,隶属26科37属,其中,藻类1种、真菌2种、苔藓植物1种、裸子植物1种、被子植物42种;包含国家一级保护野生植物2种,为发菜（Nostoc flagelliforme Born. et Flah.）和貉藻（Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.）,其他均为国家二级保护野生植物。被子植物中含种数最多的科是禾本科（Poaceae）和兰科（Orchidaceae）,均为7种;含种数最多的属是杓兰属（Cypripedium L.）和披碱草属（Elymus L.）,均为5种。种子植物中,生活型以多年生草本为主,共28种;生态型以中生植物为主,共23种。种的分布区类型共8个类型和5个次级类型,以东亚北部分布种、戈壁分布种和泛北极分布种居多。内蒙古特有和近特有属3个,分别为四合木属（Tetraena Maxim.）、绵刺属（Potaninia Maxim.）、革苞菊属（Tugarinovia Iljin）;蒙古高原特有和近特有种11种。【结论】新形成的内蒙古分布的国家重点保护野生植物名录反映了内蒙古野生植物保护现状,也反映出内蒙古植物区系的背景和特征。

关键词: 国家重点保护野生植物, 内蒙古分布, 种类, 区系特征

Abstract: 【Objective】According to the adjusted List of National Key Protected Wild Plants,the species distributed in Inner Mongolia were statistically sorted out to form a list of national key protected wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia,providing guidance and services for the protection of wild plants in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】According to the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants approved and released by the State Council on August 7,2021,the list of national key protected wild plants in Inner Mongolia was organized in accordance with the region′s current plant distribution. The floristic geographical components were studied using floristic research techniques.【Results】A list of national key protected wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia was formed,including 47 species of national key protected wild plants,belonging to 26 families and 37 genera. Among them,there were 1 species of algae,2 species of fungi,1 species of bryophytes,1 species of gymnosperms,and 42 species of angiosperms. Nostoc flagelliforme Born. et Flah. and Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. were the only two species of wild plants under national first-class protection;the others were under national secondary protection. The families with the largest number of species in angiosperms were Poaceae and Orchidaceae,both of which were 7 species. And the genera with the largest number of species were Cypripedium L. and Elymus L.,both of which were 5 species. The life forms of spermatophyte were mainly perennial herbs,with a total of 28 species. And the ecotype was dominated by mesophytes,with a total of 23 species. The floristic geographical distribution of species included 8 types and 5 sub-types,most of which were North East Asian distribution species,gobi distribution species and pan-Arctic distribution species. There were 3 endemic or nearly endemic genus in Inner Mongolia,including Tetraena Maxim.,Potaninia Maxim. and Tugarinovia Iljin,and 11 endemic or nearly endemic species in Mongolian plateau.【Conclusion】The newly formed list of national key protected wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia reflected the conservation status of wild plant in Inner Mongolia,as well as the background and characteristics of Inner Mongolia flora.

Key words: The national key protected wild plants, Inner Mongolia distribution, Species, Flora characteristics

中图分类号:

Q949