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花卉生长与环境湿度

花匠小妙招
2024-10-10 05:02

　　对于一般花卉来讲，四季的供水量是：花卉植物花的发育除受遗传基因控制外 ,还要求有一定的环境条件 ,如温、光、水等 ,这些条件通过花卉植物的生理生态活动对生长、发育及花期调控发挥作用。花卉多在温室内栽培 ,温室内小气候要素是可人为调节的 ,人们可以使小气候条件尽量满足花卉要求。花卉所需要的水分，大部分来源于土壤，但是空气湿度对花卉的生长发育也有很大影响。如空气湿度过大，易使枝叶徒长，花瓣霉烂、落花，并易引起病虫蔓延。开花期湿度过大，有碍开花，影响结实等。在相对湿度60%以下略为胁迫的条件下,变色秋海棠的营养生长与上述指标对应相反。由于相对湿度在变色秋海棠生长过程中的调节作用,反之，空气湿度过小，会使花期缩短，花色变淡。南花北养，如空气长期干燥，就会生长不良，影响开花和结果。北方冬季气候干燥，室内养花如不经常保持一定的湿度，一些喜湿润花卉，往往会出现叶色淡黄，叶子边缘干枯等现象。根据需求,因地制宜采取不同的湿度调控进行栽培管理。

　　根据不同花卉对空气湿度的不同要求，可采取喷洗枝叶或罩上塑料薄膜等方法增加空气湿度，创造适合它们生长的湿度条件。兰花、秋海棠类、龟背竹等喜湿花卉，要求空气相对湿度不低于80%;茉莉、白兰花、扶桑等中湿花卉，要求空气湿度不低于60%。

　　喜湿花卉应多浇水;喜干旱花卉宜少浇水;球根类花卉浇水不能过多;草本花卉含水量大，蒸腾强度也大，浇水量比木本花卉要多;叶大而软，光滑无毛的花卉多浇水，叶小而有蜡质层、茸毛、革质的花卉少浇水;生长旺盛期多浇水，休眠期少浇水;苗大盆小的多浇水，苗小盆大的少浇水;天热多浇水，天冷少浇水;旱天多浇水，阴天少浇水等。

　　每年开春后气温逐渐升高，花卉进入生长旺期，浇水量应逐渐增多。早春浇水宜在午前进行。夏季气温高，花卉生长旺盛，蒸腾作用强，浇水量应充足。夏季浇水宜在晨、夕进行。立秋后气温渐低，花卉生长缓慢，适当少浇水。喷水可以增加空气湿度，降低气温，洗去植株上面的灰尘及冲掉害虫等，避免嫩叶焦枯和花朵早凋，保持植物清新;特别是一些喜阴湿的花卉，如山茶、杜鹃、兰花、龟背竹等，经常向叶面上喷水，对其生长发育十分有利。

　　Flowers grow and environmental humidity

　　Water supply for general flower, the four seasons is: flowers plant flower development in addition to the controlled by genes, also requires a certain environmental conditions, such as temperature, light, water, etc., these conditions by flowers plant physiological ecology activities on the growth, development and flowering regulation play a role. High quality flowers in greenhouse cultivation, greenhouse microclimate factors can be artificially adjust, people can make the microclimate condition to meet the requirements of flowers as much as possible. Flowers need water, most come from the soil, but the growth and development of air humidity on flowers also has very big effect. Such as air humidity, moderate growth, petals mildew and fallen petal, easy to make the branches and leaves and easy cause the spread of diseases and pests. Flowering period humidity, inhibit flowering, affects the firm, etc. Under the condition of relative humidity below 60%, slightly intimidated, discoloration of begonia vegetative growth is the opposite of the above indicators. Because of the relative humidity in the process of discoloration begonia growth regulation, on the other hand, the air humidity is too small, can make the flowering shortened, design and color. South north to raise, such as air dry for a long time, will grow, blossom and bear fruit. The northern winter climate is dry, indoor flowers if you don't often maintain a certain humidity, some like wet flower, leaf color yellow, often can appear the phenomenon such as dry leaf edge. According to the demand, adjust measures to local conditions to take different humidity control management culture.

　　According to the different requirements of different flowers on the humidity of the air, can take spray leaves or hood plastic film and other methods to increase air humidity, to create the humidity conditions suitable for their growth. Orchid, begonia, bamboo of curvature of the hygrophilous flowers, such as for air relative humidity is not lower than 80%; Jasmine, michelia, fusang in wet flower, air humidity is not lower than 60%.

　　Hygrophilous flowers should be watered more; Xi dry flower watering should be few; Bulbous flower watering can't too much; Herbaceous flowers big water content, transpiration intensity is big, water quantity than woody flower; Leaves large, soft, smooth and glabrous water more flowers, leaves small, waxy layer, pastel, leather qualitative less watering flowers; Water more exuberant growth period, the dormant less water; Miao big basin water more small, miao small basin big little water; Cold water more hot days, less water; Water more dry weather, cloudy day less water, etc.

　　Early spring after the temperature rise gradually, flowers grow into the most productive period, water quantity should be increased gradually. The spring water should be in before noon. High summer temperatures, flowers thrive, transpiration, water quantity should be enough. The appropriate summer watering in the morning and evening. After the beginning of autumn the temperature gradually lower, flowers grow slowly, less water appropriately. Water can increase the humidity of the air, reduce the temperature, wash the above wash it dust and pests such as plant, avoid leaves withered flowers and early conditioning, keep the plants pure and fresh; Especially some flowers, or damp mountain tea, azalea, the orchid and bamboo of curvature of the water spray on the surface, often for it to grow and develop.