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中国普通油茶种植气候适宜性区划

花匠小妙招
2025-10-29 02:20

摘要： 发展油茶产业可有效增加农民收益，促进精准扶贫并改善生态环境。对油茶进行全国尺度的气候适宜性区划，可以为油茶产业的发展提供科学依据。本研究以中国分布面积最广、产量最高的普通油茶为对象，选择年平均气温、1月和7月平均气温、年降水量和日照时数为关键气候因子，计算主产区(即种植面积在6667 hm2以上的县市)的关键因子值。基于这些因子值，采用改进的气候相似距法进行全国1 km×1 km网格的普通油茶种植气候适宜性区划。结果表明：中国普通油茶的最适宜区面积为98×104 km2，主要分布在湖南、江西、福建和浙江四省及周围省的相邻区域；适宜区面积和次适宜区分别为52×104和80×104 km2，依次分布在最适宜区的外围；次适宜区北界约为北纬33.5°，西界约为东经111.5°，南界和东界不明显；湖南省的最适宜区面积最大，其次是江西、广西、浙江和福建，五省合计约占全国最适宜区面积的70%；与多种来源实际种植面积资料对比表明，区划较好地反映了普通油茶的种植状况；与主产区气候特征对比表明，区划较为准确地区分了普通油茶最适宜区、适宜区和次适宜区的气候特征。本研究明确了普通油茶种植气候适宜区的分布，可为油茶产业的规划布局提供科学支撑。

关键词: 气候适宜性, 气候相似距, 普通油茶, 区划

Abstract: Development of oil-tea camellia industry can effectively increase farmers’ incomes, promote precise alleviation of poverty, and improve ecological environment. A national-scale climate suitability regionalization of oil-tea camellia could provide a scientific basis for the development of the oiltea camellia industry. The objective of this study was to determine the main production regions of Camellia oleifera Abel., a species with the largest planting area and total production in China. Values of key climate factors were calculated for the main planting regions (i.e., counties and cities with more than 6667 hm2 of actual planted area), including mean annual temperature, mean temperatures in January and July, annual precipitation, and sunshine hours. Based on those variables, the regional climatic planting suitability was tested using an improved climate similarity distance method on a national 1 km×1 km grid. Results showed that the most suitable area for C. oleifera production was 98×104 km2 that was mainly located in Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang provinces and the neighboring areas. Areas that were classified as suitable and sub-suitable levels were 52×104 km2 and 80×104 km2, respectively, which were located on the periphery of the most suitable area. The north and west boundaries of the subsuitable area were about 33.5°N and 111.5°E, respectively. There were no clear southern and eastern boundaries. Hunan Province had the largest most suitable area, followed by Jiangxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. These areas accounted for about 70% of the total production area in China. Compared with the actual planting area recorded in multiple sources, this regionalization well represented the actual distribution of C. oleifera. Compared with the climatic characteristics of the main production areas, this regionalization accurately distinguished the climatic characteristics of the most suitable, suitable and subsuitable areas for C. oleifera production. Through identifying the distributions of the climate suitable regions for C. oleifera production, our results provide scientific support for the planning and development of the camellia industry.

Key words: climatic suitability, climatic similarity distance, Camellia oleifera Abel., regionalization.