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澳洲腊梅花

花匠小妙招
2026-01-12 11:39

淘金彩梅又名法国蜡花或以色列蜡花，学名Chamelaucium uncinatum（Geraldton Wax）又名蜡花(WAX FLOWER)（见图1、2），桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)植物。原来仅生长在澳大利亚西部地区，现在已经广泛种植，成为澳大利亚最重要的乡土野生木本花卉品种，为澳大利亚主导性的出口商品花卉。她是多年速生常绿乔洁木，耐旱，耐瘠薄，适应性强（-3℃— 40℃均可适应，在严寒地方可在温室大面积栽培），植株可高达10米左右。叶片为对生线形叶似松针，四季长青。其花似梅花，其花型呈漂亮梅花状，花瓣蜡质有光泽，为粉红色或白色，配以紫色或金黄色的花心。当年生小苗即可开花。三年内最高可达3米，四年树胸径达4－5公分，树形美观，能在冬季最冷时绽放出粉红花、白花，采摘做切花时花期长达1—2个月。她不仅花香扑鼻，枝杆、枝叶也自有清香，闻之沁人心脾；提取的提神醒脑的保健香精可散发淡雅清香。蜡花为新一代木本切花用做高档鲜切花、绿化景观树、观赏盆景、香精萃取等，具有较高的观花、观叶及经济价值。淘金彩梅在科学管理下，一年四季均可开花，盛花期为12月至来年3月底（根据当地气候条件精细管理，能将盛花期延长到6月。在其他各个月份，仍然有部分植株开花）。
Chamelaucium (Geraldton Wax) Varieties
Grafted varieties of Geraldton wax or Chamelaucium are more resistant to disease. However in good conditions they are all relatively easy to grow.
Chamelaucium ‘Teina’s Delight’ has pink to tangerine flowers.
Chamelaucium ‘Blossom Magic’ has darker red flowers.
Chamelaucium ‘My Sweet 16’ – interesting form with white flowers that turn to red over a period, so both red and white flowers at the same time.
Chamelaucium ‘Moon Delight’ – attractive red buds through winter followed by white flowers in spring.
Chamelaucium ‘Chantilly Lace’ – tall stems with white flowers, later flowering.
Chamelaucium ‘Lady Stephanie’. – More compact than some reaching around 2m in height. Pale pink flowers in profusion.
Chamelaucium ‘Meringur Mist’. This is a hybrid C. floriferum x unicatum. Reaches 2 – 3 m in height and can be made more compact by pruning.
Chamelaucium ‘Purple Pride’. – Reaches around 4m in height and spreads over 3m. Upright growth habit with two toned purple flowers.