Bailan
Core tips: White orchid is also known as white Burmese flower and Burmese cinnamon. It is the backbone tree species in the southern garden, and it is also an excellent street tree species, during the flowering season, the fragrance floats for miles, making people feel refreshed, and potted plants can be arranged in the hall. White orchid belongs to evergreen trees, single leaves alternate, entire, oblong
White orchid is also known as white Burmese flower and Burmese cinnamon. It is the SouthGardenThe backbone tree species in the tree is also an excellent street tree species, during the flowering season, the fragrance floats for miles, making people feel refreshed, and potted plants can be arranged in the hall. White orchid belongs to evergreen trees, single leaves alternate, entire, oblong, thin leathery, shiny on the surface, pale green on the back, flowers solitary in the leaf axils of the year, more than 10 tepals, white or slightly yellow, thick, linear narrow and long, extremely fragrant. White orchid is native to the Himalayas and the Malay Peninsula. It is widely cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan and southern Zhejiang in China. The Yangtze River Basin and its northern areas are mostly potted plants. White orchids prefer a sunny, warm, humid and well-ventilated environment. It is not tolerant of shade, nor can it withstand extreme heat and scorching sun. Afraid of cold, the temperature in winter should not be lower than 5°C. The most taboo is smoke. Due to the fleshy and tender roots, it is neither dry nor damp, especially waterlogging. It likes humus-rich, well-drained, loose and fertile, acidic sandy soil, the wood is brittle, and the branches are easily broken by the wind. In the Jiangnan region, new shoots are pumped three times a year, the first time from Qingming to Guyu, the second time during the rainy season, and the third around the beginning of autumn. The flowering period is up to 150 days, and the flowering is most abundant in June ~ July.
White orchid propagation is commonly used in layering and grafting, and layering is mostly high pressure. High-pressure propagation is carried out in June ~ July, 2-year-old branches with full development, slightly carved or ring-shaped peeling, and then used an opposing bamboo tube orFlower potsClose, fill it with humus or moss, tie it with a rope, keep the pot soil moist often, take root after about 2 months, cut off the mother plant, and plant separately. Grafting can be done by methods such as grafting and cutting. Leaning, you can choose a purple magnolia with a dry thickness of about 0.6 cm as a rootstock pot in February~March, and ask for grafting in April~September, especially in May~June. After about 50 days after grafting, the graft site heals, and it can be separated from the mother plant. And strengthen management. Cutting, using 1~2-year-old thick purple magnolia as a rootstock, grafting in mid-March, 20~30 days later, the apical bud sprout leaves, 10~111 months on the pot, move into the greenhouse for cultivation, the seedlings of the year can be as high as 60~80 cm, which is faster than growing by grafting seedlings.
The management of white orchids is very important, which directly affects the tree posture and flower yield, and must be carefully maintained. Generally young plants are replaced every 1~2 years, and can be changed every 3~4 years after growing up, adding loose and fertile soil, which is conducive to root development.
Watering is also the key to cultivating white orchids well. After leaving the house in spring, it is better to water at noon, once every other day, but it must be watered sufficiently each time. In summer, the temperature rises, the evaporation is large, water once a day in the morning and evening, and increase the number of sprays appropriately in midsummer. In autumn, it can be watered once every 2~3 days. In winter, watering should be strictly controlled, and only the potting soil should be kept moist. For plants that have been picked and grow weakly, watering should be reduced to avoid branches and leaves from growing or affecting growth. At the same time, the water temperature should not be too cold, and it should not be much different from the pot soil.
White orchids have lush branches and leaves, long flowering period, apply decomposed cake fertilizer and water every 10 days, and also need to supplement phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before flowering to facilitate the germination of new leaves and promote flowering. In summer, pay attention to the placement location, poor ventilation, and susceptibility to pests and diseases. During the growth period, cut off diseased and dead branches. And cut off the leggy branches and remove some old leaves to inhibit the tree momentum and promote the gestation of flower buds. June ~ July enters the full flowering period, and the aroma of flower picking is the most abundant in the morning.
Common pests and diseases of white orchid include yellowing disease, anthracnose, black spot, gray spot, aphids, spider mites, stinging moths, scale insects, etc.
Common pest control methods for white orchids:
(1) Remove diseased leaves, burn them, and spray any agent such as Bordeaux liquid, chlorothalonil, and antibacterial in the early stage of the disease.
(2) Scale insects and aphids are sprayed with any agent such as oxidized dimethion, imidethion, and borer pine during the nymph stage.
(3) Spray triclosidol during the mite nymph stage.
(4) Garden trees or potted plants are buried under the soil with furan and watered.
The young branches of white orchid are green, the leaves are thick, the flowers are moist like jade, elegant and quiet, the fragrance is strong, and the heart is refreshing. In the south, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou can be planted in groups or sparsely planted in the garden, roadside and in front of the window on the side of the house, all of which are suitable. In addition to being used for decoration, flowers can also smoke tea and extract essence, which is one of the traditional fragrant flowers generally loved by Chinese people.
Brandy
Brandy Latin scientific name: MicheliaalbaDC. Synonyms: White Burmese, White Orchid, Burmese Osmanthus, Magnolia Kingdom: Plant Kingdom Phylum: Angiosperms Class: Dicotyledonous Plants Subclass: Primitive perianth Subclass Order: Ranunculus Family: Magnolia Family Family: Magnolia Genus: Laughter Genus Species: White Orchid Namer and Age: DC., 1818 Synonyms: Micheliaxalba.
Bailan (scientific name: MicheliaalbaDC.): It is an evergreen tree of the Magnolia family, the genus Laughter, up to 17 meters high, with wide branches and a wide umbrella-shaped crown; DBH 30 cm; bark gray; Knead the branches and leaves to be fragrant; Young branches and buds are densely covered with pale yellow and white pubescence, and the hairs gradually fall out when old. The leaves are thin and leathery, oblong or lanceolate-elliptic, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below, and the veins on both sides are obvious when dry. The flowers are white and extremely fragrant; tepals 10 pieces, lanceolate; The pistil carpel is most, and when mature, it forms a sparse polymer fruit with the extension of the receptacle; The flowers are bright red when ripe. Flowering period is from April to September, blooming in summer, usually not fruitful.
White orchids are white and fragrant, open in summer and autumn, have a long flowering period, and have dark green leaves, which are famous garden ornamental trees and are mostly planted as street trees. The flowers can be extracted from fragrance or smoked tea, and can also be extracted into extracts for medicinal purposes, which are equivalent to gasifying and dissolving turbidity and treating coughs. rarely strong, mostly grafted propagation, using yellow orchid, smile, fire nan, etc. as rootstocks; It can also be propagated by air layering or butting. Native to Java, Indonesia, it is now widely cultivated in Southeast Asia. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces and regions in China are extremely cultivated, and many provinces and regions in the Yangtze River Basin have potted plants and overwinter in greenhouses.
1. Morphological characteristics of white orchid
Bailan is an evergreen tree, up to 17 meters high, with wide branches and a wide umbrella-shaped crown; DBH up to 50 cm; bark gray; Knead the branches and leaves to be fragrant; Young branches and buds are densely covered with pale yellow and white pubescence, and the hairs gradually fall out when old. Leaves thin leathery, oblong or lanceolate-elliptical, 10-27 cm long, 4-9.5 cm wide, apex long or caudate, base wedge-shaped, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below, reticulated on both sides obvious when dry; petiole 1.5-2 cm long, sparsely pubescent; stipules to the middle of petiole.
The flowers are white and extremely fragrant; tepals 10 pieces, lanceolate, 3-4 cm long and 3-5 mm wide; The septum of the stamens protrudes from a long point; The pistil group is slightly pubescent, the pistil group is about 4 mm long, the carpel is most, usually partially undeveloped, and when mature, with the extension of the receptacle, it forms a sparse polymer fruit; The flowers are bright red when ripe. Flowering period is from April to September, blooming in summer, usually not fruitful.
2. The difference between the close varieties of white orchid
Bai Lan is a variety of the same genus: there is a yellow orchid, also known as Huang Miangui, orange-yellow, the aroma is sweet like osmanthus, more fragrant than white orchid, and the flowering period is later than that of white orchid.
Smiley flower, the flowers are smaller than that of white orchid, yellowish-white, solitary in the axils of the leaves, with banana-shaped fragrance.
3. The habitat of the origin of the white orchid
Brandy is native to Java, Indonesia, and is now widely cultivated in Southeast Asia. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces and regions in China are extremely cultivated, and many provinces and regions in the Yangtze River Basin have potted plants and overwinter in greenhouses.
4. The growth habit of white orchids
Brandy likes light, is afraid of high temperatures, is not hardy, and is suitable for slightly acidic soils. It likes warmth and humidity, is not tolerant of drought and waterlogging, is more sensitive to sulfur dioxide, chlorine and other toxic gases, and has poor resistance.
5. Breeding methods
(1) Layering
1. Ordinary layering: Layering is best done in February-March, cut the base of the branch to be pressed to half the depth, and then cut a section upwards, stuck a tile in the middle, and then gently press it into the soil to prevent it from breaking, insert it into the soil with a "U"-shaped thick iron wire, fix it to prevent it from lifting, and then pile up the soil. Spring layering, after the roots and shoots are sprouted, can be cut and divided.
2. High branch layering: Before entering the ambush, select strong and disease-free young branches (diameter 1.5-2 cm) on the mother plant, cut the crack in the lower part of the pot fork, and then cover it with a bamboo tube or bottomless clay pot, fill it with potting soil, tie it tightly with a thin rope on the outside, be careful not to touch it, spray a small amount of water frequently, keep it moist, and new roots can be born around May of the following year, and take off the planting.
(2) Grafting
There are two grafting methods, one is grafting and the other is cutting.
1. Connection: The connection time can be carried out throughout the growing season from spring to autumn. Most of them are carried out from April to July. The best place to join is 70 cm from the ground. After tying, wrap it in mud and wrap it with leaves to prevent it from being washed away by rainwater, and it can be cut off after about 60 days. Leaning is a method that is easier to survive, but it is not as vigorous as the growth of cutting.
2. Cutting: In mid and late September, select well-developed magnolia branches as scions, and the cutting surface of the rootstock and scion should be closely combined, tied and muddy with plastic film strips, and buried the scion with soil to keep the soil moist. In northern China, the scion needs to be covered with straw in winter, remove the mulch in the spring of the following year, and retain the upper 4-5 buds of the branches after germination, and the rest of the buds should be removed, and through 2-3 years of routine maintenance, they can bloom.
6. Cultivation technology of white orchid
(1) Soil
For home potted white orchids, choose loose, breathable and humus-rich soil for cultivation. Usually use a clay basin with good air permeability, a purple sand basin (cylinder) or a plastic basin with many bottom holes. It is best to have a certain amount of granular soil of different sizes in the soil in the pot to facilitate water penetration and air permeability.
(2) Repotting
According to the crown size and age of the white orchid, replace the pots and cylinders of the appropriate size to facilitate the vigorous growth of the plant. When operating, wait for the potting soil to dry slightly, slowly tilt the pot (tank) (or turn it upside down), hold the pot with one hand, grasp the plant with the other, and pour out the white orchid and move it into a new pot. The new pot (tank) should be covered with a small amount of loose soil in advance, and then watered thoroughly and planted stably.
(3) Lighting
From March to April every year, move the pots and jars with white orchids outdoors and place them in a sunny place. The temperature in summer is high, so you should choose a shade net or a simple shade shed as appropriate, so that the white orchid can not only shine into the morning sun, but also avoid the strong light in the summer afternoon (so as not to burn the branches and leaves due to sun exposure). Move it outdoors before and after the beginning of summer, and place it in a sunny and ventilated place, and the sunshine should be more than 6 hours. Only with sufficient light can it grow well, and if the light is insufficient, it will grow branches and leaves, and it will bloom less or even not bloom. In the hot season of midsummer, the intensity of sunlight should be slightly shaded to avoid burning the leaves and young stems in the scorching sun.
(4) Fertilization
During the vigorous period of white orchid growth (usually May, June or July and August every year), white orchid should be fertilized with flower fertilizer every half month or a little nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer at intervals of about 20 days, 2 grams to 6 grams each time.
The specific operation is: first use a small iron shovel to draw several vertical and horizontal ditches in the soil in the pot, then slowly sprinkle the fertilizer into the ditch, and then cover it with the topsoil in the pot and pour some water. Let the fertilizer gradually penetrate into the roots of the plant with each watering, and do not sprinkle the fertilizer directly to the roots, so as not to cause "root burning" due to excessive fertilization of the soil around the roots. Thin fertilizer is applied frequently, cake fertilizer is better, do not fertilize in winter, start after sprout to June, water once every 3-4 days, water once every 5-6 days from July to September, and stop applying once after applying several fertilizers.
From the outside of the house to the end of June, water the alum fertilizer every 7-10 days to make the soil slightly acidic. During the flowering period, you can also apply -- times of fast-acting phosphorus fertilizer to make it fragrant.
(5) Watering
Proper watering is the key to maintaining white orchids. White orchids should not be watered too often or excessively. The correct watering method should be: moisten the soil in the pot at one time, and do not need to water when the soil in the pot is slightly dry. Remember not to water every day, but you can spray the leaves with a small watering can frequently. In summer, it should be watered no less than three or four times a month (plus spraying water on the leaves). The easier way to master is to water as long as you see the leaves of the white orchid drooping. Water permeable two or three times a month in autumn, and once or twice a month in winter.
Because the roots are fleshy, they are afraid of waterlogging and are not resistant to dryness. In spring, water thoroughly once when going out of the house, and then water it once every other day; In summer, once in the morning and evening, if it is too dry, foliar water must be sprayed; 1 time in 2-3 days in autumn; In winter, water is deducted, as long as the pot soil is slightly moist; Drain the stagnant water in time after the rain. Prevent smoke pollution, keep the foliar surface clean, and spray the foliar surface if necessary to facilitate the normal development and growth of the plant.
(6) Temperature
It is not cold-resistant, except for South China, other regions should be maintained in winter, and the minimum room temperature should be maintained above 5°C, and the time to leave the house should be from Qingming to Guyu. Do a good job of anti-freezing and warmth, maintain the indoor temperature above 12 degrees during the day and not lower than 6 degrees at night, otherwise it is susceptible to low temperature and cold damage. Air circulation and keeping the potting soil moist for safe overwintering.
(7) Pruning
Before entering the room, dead branches, diseased branches, long branches and overly dense branches should be cut off to minimize the nutrient consumption of the plant; When leaving the room, the old leaves on the lower part of the branches can be properly removed, which is conducive to promoting the growth of new branches. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to aphids and other harmful shoots, which must be prevented and controlled in time.
7. Pest control of white orchids
(1) Red wax worm
Nymphs and adults of red wax beetles suckFlowersThe sap and its excrement often induce the occurrence of coal pollution disease, so that a layer of black mold or thick black film forms on the leaves, and the whole plant becomes a black tree, and the plant is weak, rarely flowering or not blooming at all.
Control methods of red wax worm: (1) In winter and early spring, combine pruning to remove some pested branches. (2) If the damaged flowers and plants are few or short, they can be manually scraped in winter and spring. (3) During the peak incubation period of nymphs, spray 25% imidethion emulsion 1000 times liquid, or 40% oxidized digophos emulsion 1500 times liquid, spray once every 4-6 days, spray 3 times in a row. (4) Introduce flowersSeedlingsStrict quarantine to prevent insects from being brought in.
(2) Spider mites
Spider mite control methods: (1) Soak citrus peel with water 10 times for a day and night, filter and spray the plant. (2) 15 grams of washing powder, 15 ml of 20% caustic soda, 7.5 kg of water, mix the three and spray the plants. (3) 50 grams of plant ash, add 2.5 kg of water to stir thoroughly, soak for two days and nights to filter, then add 3 grams of washing powder to mix well and spray, once a day, spray 3 times in a row, and spray 3 times after 1 week, which can eliminate the second generation of pests and control maggots in the soil. (4) Light a tray of mosquito coils, put them in the pot of the diseased plant, and then tie the pot tightly with a plastic bag, and after 1 hour of smoking, it can kill the eggs and adults.
(3) Fried cicadas
The nymphs of fried cicadas suck the sap of the roots of flowers in the soil, the adults suck the sap of the main leaves, and the females insert the ovipositors into the branches to lay eggs, causing the branches to die.
Prevention and control methods for fried cicadas: (1) Kill the newly unearthed mature nymphs in time. (2) If it is more serious, you can light a fire near the trunk on a hot summer night, shake the branches, burn the cicadas to death, and kill the cicadas that fall outside the fire. (3) Use the sticky tung oil or spider web kneaded glue to the end of the bamboo pole to catch adult insects. (4) Inspect and cut off the egg-laying branches in time from April to August.
(4) Blowing cotton worms
Prevention and control methods of blowing cotton beetle: (1) Manual control. Pinch off the female and oocyst with your hands or tweezers, or cut off the branches and leaves of many insects. (2) Biological control. It attracts natural enemies such as the large red ladybug and the Australian ladybug to prey on the blowing silkworm. Drug control. During the transfer period of the first hatching nymphs, you can spray 40% oxidized dimethoe 1000 times liquid, or 50% borer pine 1000 times liquid, or ordinary laundry detergent 400-600 times liquid, sprayed once every 2 weeks, 3-4 times in a row.
(5) Anthrax
Symptoms of anthracnose: dark brown round or nearly circular lesions on the leaves, slightly darker edges, gradually turning grayish-white in the center after expansion, 2-8mm in size, and small black granules on the later lesions, that is, the conidia discs of pathogenic bacteria. When the humidity is high, the lesions are overflowing with orange-yellow mucus, that is, the conidia of germs. Rainy and humid weather is more likely to cause severe illness.
Prevention and control method of anthracnose: spray 1:1:100 times Bordeaux liquid or 25% anthrax 500 times liquid or 70% anthrax Fumei 600 times liquid in the early stage of the disease.
(6) Yellowing disease
Symptoms of yellowing disease: first manifested as green loss of young leaves on the young shoots, and then expanded from top to bottom, from the leaf margin to the leaf base. After the leaf margin is green, it gradually expands to the mesophyll tissue, causing the intervein tissue to turn green, and the leaf veins continue to develop and lose green, causing the leaves to become creamy yellow to milky white. In severe cases, the leaf edges are scorched, and even the whole leaf dries up and falls off. If the 1-year-old seedlings are diseased, their height is shorter than that of normal plants; Young trees of 3-4 years old are all yellowed, about 30 cm shorter than the average health. Yellowing disease causes slow plant growth, shortened internodes and withering shoots.
Iron deficiency symptoms should be supplemented with ferrous sulfate, specific methods:
1. Bury ferrous sulfate the size of mung beans under the base cortex of the seedlings, and then wrap it with plastic film to facilitate wound healing.
2. Apply ferrous sulfate to the trench, add the decomposed cake fertilizer, and cover it with soil.
3. Spray 0.5% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution or 500 times yellow leaf fast green plant antiviral compound nutrient solution on the foliar surface before sunrise or after 4 p.m. on a sunny day, every 7-10 days.
8. The main value of brandy
(1) Garden
The white orchid plant is upright and branched, and the branches are generous. It can be cultivated in the open field courtyard in the south and is the backbone tree species in the southern garden. Northern potted plants can be arranged in courtyards, halls, and conference rooms. Small and medium-sized plants can be displayed in the living room and study. Because it is afraid of smoke, it should be placed in an air circulation place. In addition to being able to see flowers and leaves, as a spice plant, white orchid can also be used as a spice and medicinal use.
(2) Livable
The growth environment of white orchids improves the growth environment of the house and also improves the owner's residential feng shui environment. White orchids like warmth, humidity, should be well ventilated, have full sunlight, fear of cold, avoid humidity, neither like shade, nor resistant to sunburn, such life requirements, give the owner a standard for judging whether the home environment is suitable for warmth, humidity and ventilation, if a home of white orchids grows well, it proves that these conditions have been done, and these conditions are the criteria for judging the good and bad feng shui of a house.
9. The plant culture of white orchids
(1) Flower language
Pure love, sincerity.
(2) City flowers
At the 14th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 16th Jinjiang Municipal People's Congress, linden trees and white orchids became the city trees and flowers of Jinjiang respectively, and in March every year, they were determined to be "national mobilization,GreeningJinjiang" Voluntary Tree Planting Activity Month.
(3) Poetry
"White Orchid" (Song) Yang Wanli: The wind breaks the dawn of the lotus moss, and the flowers are still low and white. A single brilliant flower has never been easily released; how can the fragrance spread throughout the world?
"Miscellaneous Song Lyrics: Concubine's Thin Life" (Tang) Wu Pingyi: Light Luo small fan white orchid, slender waist jade belt dancing heavenly veil. I suspect that the fairy has descended to earth, and a smile is better than the stars. Handsome eyebrows and long eyes, looking at the gods, the essence of the literary color, forgetting the mundane. There is a banshee and a beautiful woman, wandering by the banks of the Xiang River. By the water's edge, the orchids and calamus bloom; who should I send them to when I pick them? Her hair is like a gourd and rhinoceros horn, with white teeth, and her eyebrows are adorned with emerald brows. Her face is as red as a lotus flower, and her white skin is as solid as congealed fat. She is graceful and graceful, with a light demeanor that cannot be controlled. He once boasted of his unparalleled beauty and relied on his alluring beauty.
"Smiling Flowers" (Song) Shi Yisheng: A hundred steps of fragrance penetrate the jade skin, and the hall is full of harmony. The curtains are lifted to greet the lame guests, and the pheasants are shot in the spring breeze.
相关知识
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