川西巴朗山不同海拔大叶金顶杜鹃花与叶功能性状特征及其环境驱动因素

• 花匠小妙招
• 2026-10-23 08:11

海拔梯度变化深刻影响植物营养与繁殖器官的资源分配，但现有研究多聚焦于叶性状，对花与叶性状的协同变异及其环境驱动机制关注不足。本研究以川西巴朗山5个海拔梯度(3190~3596 m)的大叶金顶杜鹃(Rhododendron faberi subsp. prattii)为研究对象，测定花和叶的形态、化学等功能性状及环境因子，旨在揭示花与叶功能性状的海拔变异规律及其环境驱动因子。结果表明：(1) 随海拔升高，花与叶厚度、叶鲜干重、叶碳含量及叶碳磷比显著增加，叶干物质含量、比叶面积及叶磷含量显著降低，花干重、叶面积呈先减后增，花碳含量和花碳氮比呈先增后减。(2) 主成分分析显示，花性状PC1轴由高比花面积、高碳磷比的“面积展示”转向高干物质、高磷的“结构维持”，PC2轴由高氮、高鲜重的“快速利用”转向高碳、高碳氮比的“资源保守”。叶性状PC1轴表现为由氮含量向叶干重、碳氮比转变，PC2轴中叶面积与叶鲜重同步变化。(3) 性状网络分析表明，低海拔以花氮含量等养分利用性状为网络核心，中高海拔转向花鲜重、花干重及叶干物质含量等结构性状；3509 m时网络复杂度最高，3596 m时边密度最高、模块化最低。(4) 环境驱动分析表明，海拔通过光照、温度与土壤因子间接驱动性状变异。生长季平均光照强度是影响花性状权衡的关键因子，年均温、生长季时长及积温与叶性状关系密切，土壤速效磷对花、叶性状均具有显著调节作用。综上，高海拔环境下，大叶金顶杜鹃通过增强花与叶功能性状的协同与资源保守策略，优化营养与繁殖资源配置，从而增强对高山环境的适应。

Abstract

Aims This study aimed to quantify variation in flower and leaf functional traits of Rhododendron faberi subsp. prattii along an altitudinal gradient, identify their trade-off strategies and environmental drivers, and thereby improving our understanding of plant adaptive mechanisms to climate change in alpine ecosystems. Methods Rhododendron faberi subsp. prattii individuals were sampled at five elevations ranging from 3190 to 3596 m on Balang Mountain in western Sichuan, China. We measured morphological traits, dry matter content, and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents of flowers and leaves, along with temperature, light, and soil environmental factors. Important findings With increasing altitude, flower thickness, leaf thickness, leaf biomass, leaf C content, and leaf C:P ratio increased significantly, whereas leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area, and leaf P content decreased. Flower dry weight and leaf area showed unimodal patterns, while flower C content and C:N ratio first increased and then decreased. Principal component analysis revealed that PC1 axis for floral traits captured a trade-off between an "display strategy" strategy (specific flower area and C:P ratio) and "structural maintenance" (dry matter and P content), whereas PC2 axis captured a transition from "resource acquisition" (N content and fresh mass) to "resource conservation" (C content and C:N ratio). For leaf traits, the PC1 axis captured a shift from N content to leaf mass and C:N ratio, while the PC2 axis exhibits synchronous changes in leaf area and fresh weight. Trait network analysis revealed that nutrient-related traits (e.g., flower N content) dominated the phenotype network at low elevations, whereas structural traits (e.g., flower fresh weight, flower dry weight, and leaf dry matter content) gradually became central at mid-to-high elevations. Network complexity peaked at 3509 m, whereas at 3596 m, the edge density was highest and the degree of modularity was lowest. Environmental driver analysis indicated that elevation indirectly drove trait differentiation through combined effects of light, temperature, and soil factors. Growing-season light intensity was the primary environmental factor influencing floral trait trade-offs; leaf trait variations were more closely associated with mean annual temperature, growing season duration, and accumulated temperature; soil available P significantly regulated both flower and leaf traits. In summary, in high-altitude environments, Rhododendron faberi subsp. prattii enhances the synergy between flower and leaf functional traits and adopts resource-conservative strategies to optimize the allocation of resources between growth and reproduction, thereby improving its adaptation to alpine conditions.

关键词

海拔梯度 /功能性状 /权衡策略 /环境因子 /大叶金顶杜鹃{{custom_keyword}} /

Key words

altitudinal gradient /functional traits /trade-off strategies /environmental factors /Rhododendron faberi subsp. prattii{{custom_keyword}} /

何威威, 王丽华, 李波, 赵鹏程, 陈俊, 杨文晴, 李晗, 谭波, 徐振锋, 游成铭.川西巴朗山不同海拔大叶金顶杜鹃花与叶功能性状特征及其环境驱动因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 0 https://doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2026.0123

HE Wei-Wei, WANG Li-Hua, LI Bo, ZHAO Peng-Cheng, CHEN Jun, YANG Wen-Qing, LI Han, TAN Bo, XU Zhen-Feng, YOU Cheng-Ming.Variation in floral and leaf functional traits of Rhododendron faberi subsp. prattii along an elevational gradient in Balang Mountain, Western Sichuan: environmental drivers and adaptive strategies[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 0 https://doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2026.0123

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