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群落组成及物种间相互作用对外来植物入侵的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-10-31 11:09

摘要：

外来植物入侵已成为严重的环境和社会问题，了解外来植物的入侵机制是有效控制其入侵的前提。生物阻抗假说认为，入侵地本地植物群落中的许多生物因子及生物过程能够抵御外来植物入侵。但关于群落抵抗外来种入侵的主要机制，目前还没有确定的结论。本文综述了群落中物种功能特征的多样性以及与外来种功能特征的相似度、植物与动物、植物与植物以及植物与土壤微生物间的相互作用等因素对外来植物入侵的影响，以及以前研究存在的不足。未来研究应该注重不同条件下植物与植物间的相互作用；不同竞争强度下，植物与食草动物的相互作用；植物、动物及土壤微生物三者之间的相互作用对外来植物入侵的影响。这些研究不仅能够丰富和完善入侵生态学理论，而且对于预测外来植物未来的扩散范围，合理有效地管理生态系统，防止外来植物入侵，保护本地生物多样性具有重要的实际意义。

关键词: 森林群落, 生态位宽度, 广义可加模型, 生态位重叠, 优势种

Abstract: Alien plant invasions have become serious environmental and socioeconomic problems and a hot topic of ecological research worldwide. Identifying the mechanisms that contribute to the success of invasive plants is very important for predicting and controlling potentially invasive plants. Biotic resistance hypothesis proposes that many biological factors and processes of native community can repel invaders. However, untill now, it is not clear about community resistance to invasion. In this paper, we reviewed the effects of functional trait diversity of community species, functional trait similarity to invasive species, plantherbivore interactions, plantplnt ineractions and plantsoil microbe interactions on the invasion of alien plants. In future, we should focus on the influences of plantplant interactions under different environments, plantherbivore interaction at different competitive intensities, and plantherbivoremicrobe interactions on the invasion of alien plants. These studies not only can improve the understanding of biological invasion mechanism, but also have a practical application value for protecting biodiversity, which can help us to predict the potential invasion region of the alien plants, and manage the ecosystem effectively.
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Key words: niche breadth, generalized additive model, forest community, dominant species, niche overlap