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长江中下游崩岸险情智能感知预警与防治关键技术研究构想与成果展望

花匠小妙招
2024-11-03 17:04

Significance Bank collapse is a common form of natural evolution in alluvial river channels, prevalent across nearly all river and coastal areas worldwide. It represents a critical issue in river geomorphology evolution and its impacts. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are particularly susceptible to bank collapse, which poses significant threats to flood control, navigational channels, and the normal operation of economic infrastructure along the river, as well as the safety of human lives and property. The construction and operation of hydraulic projects, such as the Three Gorges Reservoir, have notably altered the water and sediment dynamics in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In recent years, these changes have led to continuous channel erosion, localized river channel adjustments, and frequent bank collapses. Over the past two decades, more than 1000 bank collapse incidents have been recorded, totaling a cumulative length of 760 km, causing various adverse impacts. Despite extensive research and remediation efforts, the complexity of the influencing factors, the intricate mechanisms of bank collapse, and its hidden, sudden, and random nature continue to present significant challenges for early warning and prevention. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to conduct in-depth research on the mechanism of bank collapse, monitoring and early warning technology, and system governance in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under the new hydrological and sediment conditions. Progress This study adopts a comprehensive approach encapsulated in the theme "Mechanism Revelation - Extensive Screening - Intervention Monitoring - Multi-scale Early Warning - Systematic Prevention and Control" to address key scientific and technical issues. The research focuses on the mechanisms of bank collapse under flow-solid coupling, intelligent hazard screening, real-time sensing of riverbank soil, bank collapse simulation and early warning technologies, and the development of systematic prevention and control technologies integrating river channel control measures. Regarding mechanism revelation, the study employs data analysis, numerical simulation, and flume experiments to elucidate the relationship between river channel changes and bank collapse dynamics under continuous erosion conditions. For perception and screening, remote sensing interpretation, data fusion, and machine learning methods are used to establish and demonstrate intelligent screening technologies for bank collapse hazards based on multi-source information fusion from "air, space, and ground." In intelligent monitoring, the study integrates stereoscopic monitoring, data analysis, and technical integration methods to form and demonstrate a comprehensive intelligent monitoring network and integrated equipment for riverbank slopes. For prediction and early warning, the study develops a multi-scale universal model and dynamic early warning technology system for bank collapse prediction using coupled simulation, statistical analysis, and machine learning. In systematic prevention and control, data analysis, flume experiments, and theoretical research are used to propose and demonstrate bank collapse prevention and control technologies coupled with river channel control measures. The innovations of this research are primarily reflected in the novel approach to bank collapse mechanism studies, focusing on the dynamic response relationship between river channel changes and bank collapse under discontinuous bank protection conditions; innovative implementation of bank collapse screening technologies; the integration of multi-source heterogeneous information from "air, space, and ground" for intelligent hazard screening; advancements in bank collapse monitoring technologies, including the development of real-time sensing equipment for monitoring key influencing factors; and innovations in bank collapse simulation and early warning technologies, establishing a universal multi-scale dynamic early warning platform. Conclusions and Prospects The study aims to reveal the driving factors and intrinsic mechanisms of bank collapse in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under continuous erosion conditions, develop key technologies for intelligent hazard perception, early warning, and prevention and control of bank collapse, and achieve intelligent screening, multi-factor monitoring, dynamic early warning, and systematic prevention and control of bank collapse hazards. The research outcomes will guide the planning, design, and implementation of river channel management in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and facilitate the construction and application of a dynamic early warning platform for bank collapse in key areas along the river. This will provide robust scientific support for decision-making by basin authorities, significantly enhance the predictability and management of bank collapse in the middle and lower Yangtze River, promote the overall improvement of bank collapse hazard prevention and control, and advance flood control and disaster reduction technologies. The study will facilitate a shift from post-disaster rescue to pre-disaster prevention, providing technological support for river system management and water security enhancement, yielding significant economic, social, and ecological benefits with extensive application value and broad promotion prospects.

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