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常见湿生植物对镉、铅污染水环境的修复效果研究

花匠小妙招
2024-11-04 13:07

摘要: 采用水培法，采用不同浓度镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）的4种处理对6种常见湿生植物：豆瓣菜（Nasturtium officinale R.Br.）、水萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）、沼生蔊菜（Rorippa islandica（Oed.） Borb.）、白芥（Sinapis alba L.）、水芹（Oenanthe javanica（Blume） DC.）和蕹菜（Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.）幼苗的生长、重金属积累与转运、抗氧化酶活性及根细胞死亡的影响进行研究。结果显示，在Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下，豆瓣菜、水芹的根长、根重、植株干重均显著低于对照；而经单一Pb处理的水萝卜、白芥的根长、植株干重高于对照。单一Cd处理组中，6种植物富集系数大小依次为：豆瓣菜>沼生蔊菜>水芹>水萝卜>蕹菜>白芥。Pb单一胁迫后，豆瓣菜对Pb的富集系数最小，仅为0.013。水萝卜幼苗在Cd和Pb复合胁迫下生长状况与对照相比无显著差异，且Cd、Pb转运系数增大，抗氧化酶活性较高，根细胞死亡较少，表明该物种是具有较好修复潜力的植物。

关键词: 修复 / 富集系数 / 转运系数 / 抗氧化酶

Abstract: Four different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were used to treat six common wetland plants, including Nasturtium officinale R. Br., Raphanus sativus L., Rorippa islandica (Oed.) Borb., Sinapis alba L., Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., and Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., under hydroponic culture. Results showed that root length and weight and dry plant weight in N. officinale and R. islandica were significantly lower than that in the control (CK) under both single and combined Cd and Pb stress (P < 0.05). Root length and dry plant weight in R. sativus and S. alba were higher than that in CK under Pb treatment. In the single Cd treatment group, the enrichment coefficients of the six plants were:N. officinale > R. islandica > O. javanica > R. sativus > I. aquatica > S. alba. However, the enrichment coefficient of N. officinale under Pb treatment was the smallest (0.013). The growth conditions of R. sativus seedlings under combined Cd and Pb stress did not differ significantly from that of CK, and showed increased transport coefficients, higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and lower root cell death, indicating that this species has good restorative potential.

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