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显花植物自交不亲和性的分子与演化机制

花匠小妙招
2024-11-04 14:50

摘要：

自交不亲和性(self-incompatibility, SI)是雌雄同花植物广泛采取的一种种内促进异交机制，通常由一个多态且复等位的S位点控制。目前共发现6种不同分子机制的SI，包括由花柱S因子S-RNase和花粉S因子SLFs控制且常见于车前科、茄科、蔷薇科和芸香科的I类、SRK和SCR控制的十字花科II类、PrsS和PrpS控制的罂粟科III类、CYP-GLO2-KFB-CCM-PUM控制的报春花科IV类、TsSPH1-TsYUC6-TsBAHD控制的时钟花科V类及HPS10-S和DUF247I-S控制的禾本科VI类SI，其中I类SI为异己识别体系，而II、III和VI类均为自己识别系统。此外，近年来对其起源和演化机制研究也取得显著进展。其中，I类SI起源于真双子叶植物的最近共同祖先，II~V类则为丢失I类后分别进化产生的新机制，而单子叶禾本科特有的VI类SI则可能是在丢失古老I类SI后演化出的新系统。本文主要总结已报道SI的分子和演化机制，以期为显花植物SI的理论研究和育种应用提供参考和帮助。

关键词: 显花植物, 自交不亲和性, 起源, 演化, 自交系, 杂交育种

Abstract:

As an intraspecific outcrossing mechanism, self-incompatibility (SI) widely adopted by hermaphroditic plants is usually controlled by a polymorphic multi-allelic S locus. Typically, six molecular types of SI have been found, including type-I controlled by the pistil S S-RNase and pollen S SLFs commonly spread in Plantaginaceae, Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae, type-II by SRK and SCR in Brassicaceae, type-III by PrsS and PrpS in Papaveraceae, type-IV by CYP-GLO2-KFB-CCM-PUM in Primulaceae, type-V by TsSPH1-TsYUC6-TsBAHD in Turneraceae and type-VI by HPS10-S and DUF247I-S in Poaceae, with type-I characterized as a non-self recognition system but types-II, -III and -VI self ones. Furthermore, remarkable progresses have been made in their origin and evolutionary mechanisms recently. Among them, type-I SI possessed a single origin in the most recent common ancestor of eudicots and types II-V dynamically evolved following its losses, while type-VI SI exclusively existed in monocot Poaceae may be regained after the loss of the ancient type-I. Here, we mainly review the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of angiosperm SI systems, thus providing a helpful reference for their theoretical research and breeding application.

Key words: angiosperms, self-incompatibility, origin, evolution, inbred lines, crossbreeding