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中国农作物病虫害防控科技的发展方向

花匠小妙招
2024-11-08 12:56

摘要：

中国是世界上农作物病虫害发生最严重的国家之一,常年发生1700余种。近年来,受全球气候变化、经济一体化和农业产业结构调整等诸多因素的影响,中国农作物病虫害问题趋于严重。化学农药是目前中国防治农作物病虫害的最主要手段,农药的大量使用在控制有害生物的同时,也带来了农药残留超标、环境污染、害虫抗药性与再猖獗等一系列问题。因此,发展绿色防控科技,大幅度降低化学农药的用量是中国植物保护科研工作的核心任务,其重点发展方向包括：产业结构调整、全球经济一体化和气候变化等因素对重大病虫害种群演替规律的影响,基于现代生物技术、信息技术、新材料与先进制造的植保新理论、新方法与新产品,绿色防治关键技术与产品,化学农药精准施药和残留检测追溯技术,智能化植物保护装备,以及区域性病虫害绿色可持续控制模式等。

关键词: 农作物病虫害, 化学农药, 绿色防控, 科技发展

Abstract:

China is one of the most serious countries damaged by crop pests in the world and more than 1700 species occur annually. In recent years, due to the global climate change and economic integration, crop structure adjustment and other factors, China’s crop diseases and insect pests tend to be serious. Chemical pesticides are the most important means to control crop diseases and insect pests in China. A large number of pesticides are used to control crop pests, but also bring a series of problems, such as pesticide residues, environmental pollution, pest resistance and resurgence. Therefore, it is the core task of Chinese plant protection scientists to develop green prevention and control technology and reduce the amount of chemical pesticides. Its key development directions include: effects of crop structure adjustment, global economic integration and climate change on population succession of major diseases and insect pests; new theories, methods and products of plant protection based on modern biotechnology, information technology, new materials and advanced manufacturing; key technologies and products of green prevention and control; precise application, residue detection and traceability technology for chemical pesticides; intelligent plant protection equipment; and the green sustainable control model of regional diseases and insect pests.

Key words: Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Chemical Pesticides, Green Prevention and Control, Science and Technology Development

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