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4种微生物菌剂对辣椒主要病害的生物防治作用

花匠小妙招
2024-11-08 15:42

摘要： 本文选择4种不同微生物活性成分的生防菌剂，采用盆栽生物量测定、温室和田间小区试验对辣椒主要病害进行抗病效果及促生增产作用评价。结果表明，木霉-芽胞杆菌复合菌剂对辣椒的枯萎病、疫病、炭疽病和灰霉病防效分别达到72.2%、78.3%、71.9%和59.7%，枯草芽胞杆菌-粉红粘帚霉复合菌剂对辣椒4种病害的防效分别达到60.5%、62.1%、60.5%和50.9%；而淡紫紫孢菌菌剂只对辣椒炭疽病具有很好防效（77.5%）。同时，4种微生物菌剂对辣椒植株生物量均有显著促生作用，其中木霉-芽胞杆菌复合菌剂及枯草芽胞杆菌-粉红粘帚霉复合菌剂在盆栽试验中鲜重和干重增幅分别为132.79%、190.35%和211.80%、293.84%；两者在温室及田间小区试验中比对照增产182.3%、152.7%和65.0%、23.9%。本研究表明，生防菌剂可以替代化学药剂用于植物病害的防治，同时还能够促进作物植株生长，有增产作用。

关键词: 木霉菌, 芽胞杆菌, 淡紫紫孢菌, 复合菌剂, 促生

Abstract: Effects of four microbial preparations,whose active microorganisms were composed of Bacillus sp., Trichoderma sp., Purureocillium lilacinum and Clonostachys rosea, were investigated on their resistances against main diseases and growth promotions of pepper through the potted biomass measurements, plot tests in greenhouse and field trials. The results showed that the control efficacy of Trichoderma-Bacillus complex microbial inoculants on Fusarium wilt, blight, anthracnose and grey mould of pepper was 72.2%, 78.3%, 71.9% and 59.7% respectively, and that of B. subtilis-C. rosea complex microbial inoculants on four diseases of pepper was 60.5%, 62.1%, 60.5% and 50.9%, respectively. Microbial preparation of P. lilacinum had high effect against pepper anthracnose with the efficacy of 77.5%, but low effects against the other diseases above. Four microbial preparations had significant effects on growth promotion of the pepper plants, especially the two compound preparations, with the increasing rates of fresh and dry weight of 132.79%, 190.35% and 211.80%, 293.84% respectively, and both preparations also increased the yield of pepper dramatically in plot tests in greenhouse and field trials, with rates of 182.3%, 152.7% and 65.0%, 23.9%, compared with the control. The results demonstrated that microbial preparations can be used as a substitute for the prevention of plant diseases, also can promote the growth and yields of crops.

Key words: Trichoderma, Bacillus, Purureocillium lilacinum, complex microbial inoculants, growth promoting

中图分类号:

S476