微小花蝽对小菜蛾捕食控制的能力
摘要： 为了明确微小花蝽以小菜蛾卵做为饲料的适宜性及其对小菜蛾的控制能力,在室内以桃蚜作为参比猎物,研究捕食小菜蛾卵对微小花蝽生长发育、繁殖的影响,并结合捕食功能反应评价微小花蝽对小菜蛾的捕食能力.结果表明: 微小花蝽取食小菜蛾卵能够完成世代发育,并能够正常繁育后代.取食小菜蛾卵时,微小花蝽雌、雄若虫的历期(♀: 12.3 d,♂: 12.2 d)、成虫体长[♀: (2.13±0.01) mm,♂: (1.91±0.00) mm]、体宽[♀: (0.87±0.01) mm,♂: (0.71±0.01) mm]、单雌产卵量(12.7±1.1)、产卵前期[(5.1±0.6) d]和产卵期[(3.7±0.4) d]均与桃蚜处理组无显著差异;雌、雄成虫寿命[♀: (10.7±1.4) d,♂: (9.1±1.3) d]显著长于桃蚜处理组[♀: (8.5±0.5) d,♂: (6.4±0.3) d];若虫存活率[(65.0±6.8)%]不及桃蚜处理组[(80.0±8.2)%],且雌性比例偏低.微小花蝽对小菜蛾的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型方程.微小花蝽1～5龄若虫对小菜蛾卵的日均最大捕食量(Nmax)分别为7.5、16.3、23.3、29.1和38.7粒;雌、雄成虫的日均最大捕食量分别为39.0和26.9粒;5龄若虫对小菜蛾低龄幼虫的日均最大捕食量为41.3头;雌、雄成虫的日均最大捕食量分别为40.8和23.9头.单头雌、雄微小花蝽一生中最多可捕食小菜蛾卵(711.3±58.1)和(535.4±30.6)粒,小菜蛾低龄幼虫(371.9±52.0)和(253.9±32.3)头.微小花蝽以小菜蛾卵饲养可行,且对小菜蛾具有良好的控制作用.
Abstract: In order to make clear the suitability of eggs of Plutella xylostella as foodstuff of Orius minutus and the predatory and control ability of the bug to P. xylostella, the influence of praying on eggs of P. xylostella on development and reproduction of O. minutus was studied indoors with Myzus persicae as reference. The predation functional response was included to evaluate the control ability of O. minutus to P. xylostella. The results showed that O. minutus could finish its generation and reproduce offspring when fed on eggs of P. xylostella. The developmental durations of nymphal bugs (♀: 12.3 d, ♂: 12.2 d), the length of body of adult bugs [♀: (2.13±0.01) mm, ♂: (1.91±0.00) mm], the width of body of adult bugs [♀: (0.87±0.01) mm, ♂: (0.71±0.01) mm], the fecundity per female (12.7±1.1), the pre-oviposition period [(5.1±0.6) d] and the oviposition period [(3.7±0.4) d] all had no significant difference from those of treatment group of M. persicae; the longevity of adult bugs [♀: (10.7±1.4) d, ♂: (9.1±1.3) d] was longer than that of treatment group of M. persicae [♀: (8.5±0.5) d, ♂: (6.4±0.3) d]; the survival rate of nymphal bugs [(65.0±6.8)%] was lower than that of treatment group of M. persicae [(80.0±8.2)%], and the percentage of females was low. The predation functional responses of O. minutus to P. xylostella were all in accord with HollingⅡ equation. The largest amounts of caught per day (Nmax) of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar nymphal bugs to eggs of P. xylostella were 7.5, 16.3, 23.3, 29.1 and 38.7, respectively; the Nmax of the female and male adult to eggs of P. xylostella was 39.0 and 26.9, respectively; the Nmax of the 5th instar nymph to lower instar larva of P. xylostella was 41.3; and the Nmax of the female and male adult to lower instar larva of P. xylostella was 40.8 and 23.9, respectively. Single female and male pray eggs of P. xylostella up to (711.3±58.1) and (535.4±30.6), lower instar larvae of P. xylostella up to (371.9±52.0) and (253.9±32.3) during their whole lifetime, respectively. O. minutus could be reared with eggs of P. xylostella, and O. minutus has a good ability to control P. xylostella.
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