害虫种群区域性生态调控的系统策略
摘要： 害虫种群的区域性分布特征和生态调控已经成为近十年来综合治理研究的热点问题。经过几十年的发展，害虫生态调控的防控技术表现了可持续和绿色等特征，但从田块到区域尺度的生态调控系统策略还不完善，很多仍需依赖传统的化学防治为辅助。面对农业害虫区域性灾变的重大农业生态学问题，本文总结了害虫种群的区域性分布特征，包括区域性、异质性、扩散性、突发性、协同性五大特征；重点阐述了害虫种群区域性生态调控的系统策略，形成了预防性管理、靶向式调控、成灾后治理三位一体的害虫“防控治”生态调控体系，协调多种生态调控技术在区域水平内“防控治”才能有效遏制害虫种群的持续暴发；对害虫种群的区域性管理进行了展望，未来害虫种群的区域性生态调控不仅要考虑经济指标，还需要具备安全、高效、精准、可持续四大核心特点。因此，害虫种群的区域化生态调控是未来保障农业生产和生态安全的必然选择。
关键词: 生态系统, 生态调控, 区域性管理, 害虫, 种群
Abstract: In the past decade, the regional distribution and ecologically based pest management (EBPM) of pest populations have become a hot topic in integrated pest management (IPM). Although EBPM techniques have been successfully applied in the field level to control many agricultural pests with sustainable and green characteristics, the systematic strategies of EBPM from field level to regional scale still lack. In order to solve regional EBPM of agricultural pests, we summarized the landscape characteristics of pest population, including regional distribution, heterogeneity, diffusivity, outbreak, and synergy. Then, we clarified the systematic strategies of regional EBPM, which included preventive management, targeted management and post-outbreak control. A regional strategy of prevention, management, and control would be effective to suppress outbreak of agricultural pests. Finally, we summarized the advantage of regional EBPM in the future, which emphasize safety, efficiency, precision and sustainability of insect pest management. Therefore, the regional EBPM is an inevitable choice to ensure the ecological security and agricultural food production in the future.
Key words: ecosystem, ecologically based pest management, regional management, pest, population
中图分类号:
S476
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