首页 > 分享 > 植物学形态解剖学名词

植物学形态解剖学名词

1、植物学(上)名词术语中英文对照植物学(Botany)植物形态学(Plant morphology)植物解剖学(plant anatomy)原生质体(protoplast)细胞壁(cell wall)显微结构(microscopic structure)亚显微结构(submicroscopic structure)超微结构(ultramicroscopic structure)质体(Plastid)叶绿体(chloroplast)类囊体(thylakoid)基粒(granum)基粒间膜(基质片层,fret)基质(stroma或matrix)有色体(或称杂色体,chromoplast)白色体(le

2、ucoplast)造油体(elaioplast)前质体(proplastid)液泡(vacuole)液泡膜(tonoplast)细胞液(cell sap)纹孔(pit)胞间连丝(plasmodesmata)后含物(ergastic substance)淀粉粒(starch grain)淀粉体(amylop1ast)脐点(hilum)拟晶体(crystalloid)糊粉粒(aleuronegrain)糊粉层(aleurone layer)胞质分裂(Cytokinesis)成膜体(phragmoplast)细胞板(cellplate)微管周期(microtubule cycle)细胞分化(cell

3、 differentiation)反分化(或脱分化dedifferentiation)组织(tissue)分生组织(meristematic tissue或meristem)顶端分生组织(apical meristem)侧生分生组织(lateral meristem)居间分生组织(intercalarymeristem)形成层(cambium)木栓形成层(cork cambium或phellogen)原分生组织(promeri-stem)初生分生组织(primary meristem)次生分生组织(secondary meristem)保护组织(protective tissue)薄壁组织(p

4、arenchyma)机械组织(mechanical tissue)输导组织(conducting tissue)分泌结构(secretory structure)表皮(epidermis)周皮(periderm)气孔(stoma)皮孔(lenticel)保卫细胞(guard cell)吸收组织(absorptive tissue)根毛(root hair)木栓(phellem或cork)栓内层(phelloderm)同化组织(assimilating tissue)储藏组织(storage tissue)储水组织(aqueous tissue)通气组织(aerenchyma)传递细胞(tran

5、sfer cell)厚角组织(collenchyma)厚壁组织(sclerencnyma)石细胞(sclereid或 stone cell)纤维(fiber)木质部(xylem)韧皮部(phloem)管胞(tracheid)导管分子(vesselelement或vesselmember)穿孔(perforation)导管(vessel)筛管分子(sieve-tube element或sieve-tube member)筛管(sieve tube)筛孔(sieve pore)筛孔(sieve pore)筛板(sieve plate)原生质联络索(connecting strand)胼胝质(cal

6、lose)筛域(sive area)伴胞(companioncell)胼胝体(callus)筛胞(sieve cell)腺表皮(glandular epidermis)腺毛(glandular hair)蜜腺(nectary)排水器(hydathode)吐水(guttation)水孔(waterPore)通水组织(epithem)分泌细胞(secretorycell)分泌腔(secretorycavity)分泌道(secretorycanal)乳汁管(laticifer)无节乳汁管(nonar-ticulatelaticifer)有节乳汁管(arti-culatelaticifer)组织系统(

7、tissue system)皮组织系统(dermal tissue system)维管组织系统(vascular tissue system)基本组织系统(fundamental tissue system或 ground tissue system)皮系统(dermal system)维管系统(vascular system)基本系统(fundamental system或ground system)种子(seed)胚(embryo)胚乳(endosperm)种皮(seed coat,testa)外胚乳(perisperm)胚根(radicle)胚芽(plumule)胚轴(hypocotyl

8、)子叶(cotyledon)种脐(hilum)种阜(caruncle)种脊(raphe)有胚乳种子(albuminousseed)无胚乳种子(exalbuminous seed)胚芽鞘(coleoptile)胚根鞘(coleorhi- za)盾片(scutellum)外胚叶(epiblast)种子萌发(seed germination)子叶出土的幼苗(epigaeous seedling)子叶留土的幼苗(hypogaeous seedling)器官(organ)营养器官(vegetative organ)根(root)根系(root system)主根(main root)直根(tap roo

9、t)初生根(primaryroot)侧根(lateral root)次生根(secondaryroot)不定根(adventitiousroot)定根(normal root)种子根(seminal root)直根系(taprootsystem)须根系(fibrousrootsystem)原始细胞(initialcell)不活动中心(或称静止中心,quiescentcentre)根尖(roottip)根冠(root cap)分生区(meristematiczone)伸长区(elongationzone)成熟区(maturationzone)维管柱(vascular cylinder)皮层(co

10、rtex)切向分裂(弦向分裂,tangentialdivision)平周分裂(periclinalkivision)径向分裂(radialdivision)横向分裂(transversedivision)垂周分裂(anticlinaldivision)根毛区(roothairzone)初生生长(primary growth)初生组织(primary tissue)初生结构(primary structure)根被(velamen)外皮层(exodermis)内皮层(endodermis)凯氏带(Casparian strip)通道细胞(passage cell)中柱鞘(pericycle)髓(

11、pith)初生木质部(primary xylem)初生韧皮部(primary phloem)外始式(exarch)原生木质部(protoxylem)后生木质部(metaxylem)木质部脊(xylem ridge)二原型(diarch)三原型(triarch)四原型(tetrarch)五原型(pentarch)六原型(hexarch)多原型(polyarch)原生韧皮部(protophloem)后生韧皮部(meta-phloem)根原基(root primordium)内起源(endogenousorigin)形成层环(cambium ring)木射线(xylemray)韧皮射线(phloem

12、ray)维管射线(vascularray)木栓形成层(phellogen或cork cambium)栓内层(phelloderm)木栓(phellem或cork)周皮(periderm)共生(symbiosis)根瘤(root nodule)菌根(mycorrhiza)外生菌根(ectotrophic mycorrhiza)内生菌根(endotrophic mycorrhiza)内外生菌根(ectendotrophicmycorrhiza)茎(stem)节(node)节间(internode)枝或枝条(shoot)叶痕(leafscar)维管束痕(bundle scar,简称束痕)芽鳞痕(bu

13、d scalescar)芽(bud)枝芽(branch bud)叶芽(leafbud)花芽(floralbud)叶原基(leaf primordium)腋芽原基(axillary bud primordium)侧枝原基(lateral branch primordium)枝原基(branchprimordium)芽轴(bud axis)定芽(normalbud)不定芽(adventitiousbud)顶芽(terminal bud)腋芽(axillary bud)侧芽(lateral bud)副芽(accessory bud)叶柄下芽(subpetiolar bud)裸芽(naked bud)

14、被芽(protected bud)鳞片(scale)芽鳞(bud scale)鳞芽(scaly bud)混合芽(mixed bud)活动芽(active bud)休眠芽(dormant bud)潜伏芽(latent bud)直立茎(erect stem)缠绕茎(twining stem)攀援茎(climbing stem)匍匐茎(creeping stem)纤匍枝(runner)单轴分枝(monopodial branching)合轴分枝(sympodial branching)假二叉分枝(falsedichotomous branching)二叉分枝(dichotomousbranching

15、)分蘖(tiller)原表皮(protoderm)基本分生组织(ground meristem)原形成层(procambium)生长点(growing point)生长锥(growing tip)茎端(stem apex)根端(root apex)枝端或苗端(shoot apex)茎尖(stemtip)根尖(root tip)组织原学说(histogen theory)表皮原(dermatogen)皮层原(periblem)中柱原(plerome)原套-原体学说(tunicacorpus theory)原套(tunica)原体(corpus)细胞学分区概念(concept of cytolog

16、icalzonation)叶原座(leaf buttress)初生组织(primary tissue)初生结构(primary structure)通气组织(aerenchyma)淀粉鞘(starch sheath)无限维管束(open bundle)有限维管束(closed bundle)外韧维管束(collateral bundle)双韧维管束(bicollateral bundle)周韧维管束(amphicribral bundle)周木维管束(amphivasal bundle)同心维管束(concentric bundle)中柱(stele)原生中柱(protostele)管状中柱(

17、siphonostele)中央柱(centralcylinder)维管柱(vascularcylinder)内始式(endarch)环髓带(perimedullaryzone)髓腔(pith cavity)髓射线(pith ray)初生射线(primary ray)树脂道(resin canal)维管束鞘(bundle sheath)下皮(hypodermis)初生加厚分生组织(primary thickening meristem)束中形成层(fascicularcambium)。束间形成层(interfascicular cambium)形成层带(cambial zone)韧皮射线(phl

18、oem ray)维管射线(vascular ray)次生射线(secondary ray)初生射线(primary ray)侵入生长(intrusivegrowth或interpositional growth)早材(early wood)晚材(late wood)生长轮(growth ring)生长层(growth layer)年轮(annual ring)心材(heart wood)侵填体(tylosis)边材(sap wood)木材解剖学(xylotomy或woodanatomy)补充组织(complementary tissue)封闭层(closing layer)叶(leaf)光合作

19、用(photosynthesis)栅栏组织(palisade tissue)海绵组织(spongy tissue)蒸腾作用(transpiration)叶片(lamina或blade)叶柄(petiole)托叶(stipule)完全叶(complete leaf)不完全叶(incomplete leaf)无柄叶(sessil leaf)叶状柄(phyllode)盾形叶(peltateleaf)叶尖(leaf apex)叶基(leaf base)叶缘(leaf margin)叶鞘(leaf sheath)叶舌(ligulate)叶耳(auricle)叶枕(pulvinus)叶脉(vein)脉序(

20、venation)单叶(simple leaf)复叶(compoundleaf)叶轴(rachis)总叶柄(common petiole)小叶(leaflet)小叶柄(petiolule)羽状复叶(pinnately compound leaf)掌状复叶(palmately compound leaf)三出复叶(ternatelycompoundleaf)三出掌状复叶(ternate palmate leaf)三出羽状复叶(ternate pinnate leaf)奇数羽状复叶(odd-pinnately compound leaf)偶数羽状复叶(evenpinnately compound

21、leaf)一回羽状复叶(simple pinnate leaf)二回羽状复叶(bipinnate leaf)三回羽状复叶(tripinnateleaf)单身复叶(unifoliate compound leaf)叶序(phyllotaxy)互生(alternate)对生(opposite)轮生(whorled或verticillate)叶序周(cycle)开度(divergence)交互对生(decussate)。簇生叶序(fascicled phyllotaxy)叶镶嵌(leaf mosaic)异形叶性(heterophylly)叶肉(mesophyll)异面叶(dorsi-ventrall

22、eaf或bifacialleaf)等面叶(isobilateral leaf)复表皮(multiple pyidermis)副卫细胞(subsidiary cell)气孔器(stomatalapparatus)气孔复合体(stomatalcomplex)维管束鞘延伸(bundlesheathextension)泡状细胞(bulliform cell)运动细胞(motorcell)沉水叶(submerged leaf)阳地植物(sun plant)阴地植物(shadeplant)耐荫植物(tolerant plant)落叶树(deciduous tree)常绿树(evergreen tree)离

23、区(abscission zone)离层(abscission layer或分离层separationlayer)保护层(protectivelayer)叶迹(leaf trace)叶隙(leaf gap)枝迹(branch trace)枝隙(branch gap)根和茎的过渡区(也称转变区,transition region或 transition zone)肉质直根(fleshy tap root)额外形成层(supernumerarycambium或副形成层accessory cambium)块根(root tuber)支柱根(prop root)攀援根(climbing root)呼吸

24、根(respiratory root)寄生根(parasitic root)吸器(haustorium)半寄生植物(semiparasitic plant)地上茎(aerial stem)地下茎(subterraneous stem)茎刺(stemthorn)茎卷须(stem tendril)叶状茎(也称叶状枝,phylloid)小鳞茎(bulblet)小块茎(tubercle)根状茎(rhizoma)块茎(tuber)鳞茎(bulb)球茎(corm)茎刺(stem thorn)茎卷须(stem tendril)叶状茎(phylloid)肉质茎(fleshy stem)苞片(bract)鳞叶(

25、scale leaf)叶卷须(leaf tendril)叶刺(leaf thorn)叶状柄(phyllode)捕虫叶(inect catdning leaf)营养繁殖(vegetative propagation)孢子繁殖(或无性繁殖 asexual reproduction)有性生殖(sexual reproduction)孢子(spore)配子(gamete)花(flower)花柄(花梗,Pedicel)花托(Receptacle)花被(Periath)花萼(calyx)萼片(sepal)花冠(corlla)副萼(accessory calx)雄蕊群(Androecium)雄蕊(stame

26、n)花丝(faliment)花药(anther)花粉囊(pollen sac)药隔(connective)花粉粒(pollen grain)雌蕊群(Gynoecium)雌蕊(pistil)四强雄蕊(tetradynamous stamen)二强雄蕊(didynamous stamen)单体雄蕊(monodelphous stamen)二体雄蕊(diadephous stamen)多体雄蕊(polydephous stamen)聚药雄蕊(synatherous stamen)柱头 (Stigma)花柱(style)子房(ovary)心皮(Carpus)单雌蕊(simple pistil)离生单雌

27、蕊(apocarpous pistil)合生心皮雌蕊(syncarpous pistil)复雌蕊(compound pistil)子房壁(ovary wall)子房室(locule)胎座(placenta)边缘胎座(marginal placentation)侧膜胎座(parietal placentation)中轴胎座(axile placentation)特立中央胎座(free central placentation)子房上位(superior ovary)子房下位(inferior ovary)子房半下位(halp-inferior ovary)完全花(Flower)两性花(bisex

28、ual flower)单性花(unisexual flower)雌花(pistillate flower)雄花(staminate flower)雌雄同株(monoecious)雌雄异株(dioecious)无性花(neutral flower)颖片(glume)外稃(lemma)内稃(pelea)浆片(lodicule)花程式(Floral formula)花图式(Floral diagram)花序(inflorescence)孢原细胞(archesp-orial cell)初生周缘层(primary parietal layer)初生造孢细胞(primary sporogenous cel

29、l)药室内壁(endothecium)中层(middle layer)绒毡层(tapetum)纤维层(fibrous layer)花粉母细胞(Pollen mothercell)花粉(pollen)营养细胞(vegetative cell)生殖细胞(generative cell)同时型(simultaneous type)连续型(successive type)外壁(exine)内壁(intine)孢粉学(Palynology)直生胚珠(Orthotropous ovule)倒生胚珠(Anatropous ovule)横生胚珠(Amphitropous ovule)弯生胚珠(Campulit

30、ropous ovule)拳卷胚珠(Circinotropous ovule)合点(chalaza)珠心(nucellus)珠被(integument)外珠被(outer integument)内珠被(inner integument)珠孔(micropyle)珠柄(funiculus)胚囊母细胞(embryo-sac mother cell)胚囊(embryo-sac)丝状器(filiform apparatus)极核(polar nuclei)中央细胞(central cell)反足细胞(anitipodal cell)助细胞 (synergid)卵器(egg apparatus)卵细胞(

31、egg)开花 (Anthesis)传粉(Pollination)自花传粉(Self-pollination)异花传粉(cross pollination)闭花受精(cleistogamy)开花受精(chasmogamy)传粉(pollination)相互识别(recognition)亲和(compatible)风媒(anemophily)风媒花(anemophilous flower)虫媒(entomophily)虫媒花(entomophilous flower)水媒(hydrophily)鸟媒(ornithophily)受精作用(fertilization)花粉管(pollen tube)干柱头(dry stigma)湿柱

相关知识

科学网—植物学之父Theophrastus与植物形态解剖学
植物学PPT植物学形态术语基础知识
骷髅花的形态和解剖学特征
什么是植物学?
《药用植物学》学科介绍与期末复习指导学科介绍
《植物学》全方位复习攻略:知识点提炼+名词诠释+典型试题解析及答案
植物学名词
甘蓝型油菜RGCMS雄性不育系的花器形态及花药发育的解剖学研究
【详解】植物学考研科目有哪些?
网络课程—药用植物学

网址: 植物学形态解剖学名词 https://m.huajiangbk.com/newsview456367.html

所属分类:花卉
上一篇: 植物形态学术语
下一篇: 植物形态学特征