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土壤中铀污染修复技术研究进展

花匠小妙招
2024-11-10 05:30

摘要：

铀及其衰变产物引起的土壤污染是全球关注的重大环境问题，不仅会引起生态风险，还会对人体健康造成威胁。因此，如何有效地解决铀污染、完善铀污染土壤修复技术体系，是实现铀矿冶行业可持续发展的关键。目前，铀污染土壤的修复技术主要有物理-化学修复、生物修复以及联合修复3种方式。本文首先介绍了铀在土壤中的赋存形态及其危害，然后对各种修复技术的研究现状及优缺点进行了详细综述，阐述了铀污染修复的影响因素，最后总结了目前铀污染土壤修复技术存在的挑战，并展望了该领域修复技术未来的发展方向，以期在实际应用中充分结合环境因素和各种修复方法的适用性，选择合适的修复技术实现污染土壤中铀的高效去除。

关键词: 铀污染土壤, 修复技术, 物理-化学修复, 生物修复, 联合修复

Abstract:

Environmental pollution caused by uranium and its decay products is a serious problem on the global scale, which not only leads to ecological risks, but also poses a threat to human health. Therefore, how to effectively solve uranium-contaminated soil and improve the uranium-contained soil remediation technology system is the key to achieve sustainable development of uranium mining and metallurgy. At present, there are mainly three types of remediation technologies for uranium-contaminated soil: physical-chemical remediation, biological remediation and combined remediation. Firstly, this review summarizes the morphology and hazards of uranium in soil, as well as the research status, advantages and disadvantages of various remediation technologies. Then the influencing of uranium contamination remediation are also described. Finally, the existing challenges of uranium contaminated soil remediation are summarized, and the future development of remediation technology in this field is prospected. The purpose of this study is to fully combine environmental factors and the applicability of various remediation methods in practical application, the appropriate remediation technology is selected to achieve the efficient removal of uranium from contaminated soil.

Key words: uranium contaminated soil, remediation technology, physical-chemical remediation, bioremediation, combined remediation

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