首页 > 分享 > 安徽东至华龙洞古人类遗址哺乳动物化石的初步研究

安徽东至华龙洞古人类遗址哺乳动物化石的初步研究

花匠小妙招
2024-11-10 20:22

摘要： 华龙洞遗址发现于2004年,先后于2006和2014～2017年进行了5次发掘,期间发现了若干古人类化石和大量哺乳动物化石;本文是对2014～2016年出土哺乳动物化石的初步研究成果。目前已鉴定出8目24科43种(含未定种)哺乳动物,其中以偶蹄类化石最丰富。化石保存状况较差,以碎骨为主,牙齿较少,完整骨骼更少;但骨骼上鲜见啮齿类啮咬痕迹。华龙洞动物群与南京汤山猿人遗址、和县猿人遗址及重庆盐井沟等动物群较为相似,尤其是与和县猿人遗址及南京猿人遗址动物群最为接近,主要表现在如下方面:1)都含古人类化石;2)都不含第三纪动物群的孑遗分子;3)都含有大熊猫-剑齿象动物群的主要成员(大熊猫、剑齿象、巨貘及猪獾等),同时也都含一定量的北方属种,但华龙洞含北方成分相对较少,只发现翁氏麝鼩、麝鼹、变异仓鼠、布氏毛足田鼠、棕熊、李氏野猪、葛氏斑鹿及大角鹿等,华龙洞的大角鹿是该属分布最靠南的地点;4)都含有剑齿象而不含晚更新世常见的亚洲象;5)都含有大量头后骨骼,与以含单个牙齿为主的其它南方洞穴迥然有别。从化石保存状况及属种组成判断,华龙洞堆积时代与和县猿人遗址最为接近,也是中更新世。由于遗址尚未完全暴露,其堆积性质尚不清楚;但从蝙蝠类化石判断,很可能与洞穴堆积有关。

关键词: 哺乳动物群;华龙洞;安徽东至;中更新世

Abstract: The Hualong Cave was recovered in 2004, and 4 excavations have been conducted during 2006 and 2014-2016, which resulted in the discovery of several human fossils and numerous mammalian fossils. This paper is a preliminary report on the mammalian fossils unearthed during 2014-2016. Currently 43 mammalian species, including indeterminate species, belonging to 24 families and 8 orders have been identified. The fauna is dominated by artiodactyls. The majority of the fossils are bone fragments with very few gnawing marks of rodents, dental specimens are few, and complete bone is scanty. The Hualong Cave fauna is similar with those of Nanjing Man site and Hexian Man site in the following aspects: 1) With human remains; 2) Absence of relict elements of Neogene fauna; 3) Containing the common elements of Ailuropoda-Stegodon Fauna, e.g. Ailuropoda, Stegodon, Megatapirus, Bubalus and Arctonyx, on the other hand, some boreal elements were also recovered, but Hualong Cave bears no more than Crocidura wongi, Scaptochirus moschatus, Cricetulus, Lasiopodomys brandti, Ursus arctos, Sus lydekkeri, Cervus (Sika) grayi and Sinomegaceros sp., and the Sinomegaceros represents the southernmost occurrence of its kind; 4) Containing Stegodon instead of Elephas as in other Late Pleistocene fauna in southern China; 5) Containing rich postcranial bones, which is different from other cave sites which mainly bear isolated teeth specimens. Based on the faunal composition, the Hualong Cave fauna can be correlated with the fauna of Hexian Man Site, both of them should be of a Middle Pleistocene age. Because the site was not completely exposed, its character is not clear yet; but the bats fossils could be indicative of a cave site.

Key words: Mammalian fossils, Hualong Cave, Dongzhi of Anhui, Middle Pleistocene