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寡糖对土壤微生物多样性及群落结构的调节作用

花匠小妙招
2024-11-10 22:19

摘要： 土壤微生物种群类型，对土壤质量和作物生长具有重要影响，研究寡糖对土壤微生物种群的影响特征，有助于正确、高效及安全使用寡糖。本研究利用人工气候室进行土壤培养，土壤施加50mg·L−1的壳寡糖（CSOS）和纤维寡糖（COS）溶液，以清水（CK）为对照处理，培养6d后取样，利用高通量测序技术，分析土壤微生物群落结构组成及多样性分布特征。结果表明：壳寡糖（CSOS）和纤维寡糖（COS）处理均显著改变细菌、真菌的群落结构，提高细菌的物种观测数。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为优势细菌门，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）为优势真菌门。通过组间群落组成比较分析可知，壳寡糖（CSOS）和纤维寡糖（COS）处理均不同程度降低酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）的相对丰度，增加变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）、壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）以及有益菌属溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）、硝化螺旋菌属（Nitrospira）、Haliangium、芽球菌属（Blastococcus）和链霉菌属（Streptomyces）的相对丰度，但与纤维寡糖（COS）相比，壳寡糖（CSOS）处理微生物群落组成的变化幅度更大。此外，壳寡糖（CSOS）和纤维寡糖（COS）处理在调节土壤微生物群落结构上存在一定差异。其中，壳寡糖（CSOS）处理有益菌属Talaromyces的相对丰度增加195%，纤维寡糖（COS）处理有益菌属假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）的相对丰度增加215%。综上，壳寡糖和纤维寡糖处理均能优化土壤微生物群落的结构组成，其调控差异性有助于理解不同寡糖的调控机制，推动寡糖的应用与推广。

关键词: 壳寡糖, 纤维寡糖, 高通量测序, 细菌群落结构, 真菌群落结构

Abstract: The type of soil microbial population plays an important role in soil quality and growth of crops. Studying the impact characteristics of different oligosaccharides on soil microbial population will help to use oligosaccharides correctly, efficiently and safely. In this study, the soils were placed in an artificial climate chamber, 50mg·L−1 Chitosan oligosaccharide (CSOS) and Cello-oligosaccharide (COS) solution were applied into the soils, treated with clean water (CK) as the control, cultured for 6 days, sampled, and analyzed the structure composition and diversity distribution characteristics of soil microbial community by high-throughput sequencing technology. The CSOS and COS treatments significantly changed the community structure of bacteria and fungi, increased the observed number of bacterial species. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierllomycota were the dominant fungi. Through the comparative analysis of community composition among groups, it could be seen that the treatments both reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria in different degrees, and increased Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chytridiomycota and beneficial bacteria, Lysobacter, Nitrospira, Haliangium, Blastococcus and Streptomyces. However, compared with the COS, the CSOS treatment had a greater change in microbial community composition. In addition, the CSOS and COS treatments had some differences in regulating soil microbial community structure. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Talaromyces treated with the CSOS increased by 195%, and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas treated with the COS increased by 215%. In conclusion, chitosan oligosaccharide and cello-oligosaccharide both could optimize the structure and composition of soil microbial community. The difference between the CSOS and COS helped to realize the regulating mechanism, and promote their application and popularization.

Key words: Chitosan oligosaccharides, Cello-oligosaccharide, High-throughput sequencing, Bacterial community structure, Fungal community structure