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微喷水肥一体化氮肥管理对冬小麦产量、品质、氮素积累和利用的影响

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2024-11-11 00:24

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码上扫一扫！微喷水肥一体化氮肥管理对冬小麦产量、品质、氮素积累和利用的影响姚春生,任婕,张震,周晓楠,王志敏,张英华*中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100193 摘要: 为探究冬小麦微喷水肥一体化适宜的氮肥施用方式，于2018—2019年在微喷水肥一体化条件下，以‘济麦22’为材料，设置120(N1)、210(N2)和300 kg/hm2(N3)3个施氮量处理，每个施氮量下设置拔节期一次性追氮(JS)和拔节期、孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期等量分次追氮(4T)2种追氮方式，测定冬小麦产量、蛋白质组分含量、面团品质、氮素积累和土壤硝态氮含量。结果表明:微喷灌条件下，氮肥分施(4T)显著促进冬小麦花后干物质积累，显著提高千粒重，进而显著提高籽粒产量，N3-4T处理的产量最高，为9 951.2 kg/hm2。在相同追氮方式下，随着施氮量的增加，JS处理显著提高了球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量，显著延长了面团稳定时间；4T处理随着施氮量增加，籽粒总蛋白含量无显著变化，清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量均呈下降趋势，高氮处理下(N3)湿面筋含量和面团形成时间均显著下降。在相同施氮量下，相较于JS处理，4T处理可显著提高花后干物质积累、收获指数、千粒重和籽粒产量，但是4T处理显著降低了谷醇比，面团形成时间和稳定时间显著低于JS处理。4T处理显著提高了氮肥偏生产力，显著降低了深层土壤硝态氮含量，可降低硝态氮向深层土壤淋洗和迁移的风险。综上，微喷水肥一体化条件下增加施氮量可显著提高籽粒产量和蛋白质含量，分次追氮可进一步提高冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量，有效提高氮肥偏生产力，降低土壤硝态氮向深层土壤淋洗的风险。关键词: 微喷灌氮肥管理冬小麦产量面团稳定时间氮素利用 DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.03.03 分类号: 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300105)；国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03) Effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation integration and nitrogen fertilizer management on yield, quality and nitrogen accumulation and utilization of winter wheatYAO Chunsheng,REN Jie,ZHANG Zhen,ZHOU Xiaonan,WANG Zhimin,ZHANG Yinghua*College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Abstract: To optimize the nitrogen fertilizer application method for winter wheat micro-sprinkler irrigation integration, ‘Jimai 22'was used as study material under micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilizer integration conditions from 2018 to 2019. Three nitrogen application rates, 120(N1), 210(N2)and 300 kg/hm2(N3), were set. Under each nitrogen application rate, two nitrogen application methods were set, which were one-time nitrogen application at jointing stage(JS)and equal amount and split nitrogen application at jointing stage, booting stage, anthesis stage and filling stage(4T). The yield, protein composition content, dough quality, nitrogen accumulation and utilization, and nitrate nitrogen content in soil of winter wheat were determined. The results showed that: Under micro-sprinkler irrigation, split nitrogen application(4T)significantly promoted post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, significantly increased the 1 000-grain weight of winter wheat, and then significantly increased grain yield. N3-4T treatment had the highest yield of 9 951. 2 kg/hm2. Under the same nitrogen topdressing method, JS treatment significantly increased contents of globulin, gliadin and gluten, and significantly prolonged dough stability time with the increase of nitrogen application rate. With the increase of nitrogen application rate. Although the total protein content of grain in 4T treatment did not change, the contents of albumin, gliadin and gluten decreased, the wet gluten content and dough formation time in N3 treatment decreased significantly. Under the same nitrogen application rate, compared with JS treatment, 4T treatment significantly increased dry matter accumulation and harvest index post-anthesis, 1 000-grain weight and grain yield. 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