家庭养兰病虫防治常用方法

丰阳塔下

<h3 class="headline_bk_h3" style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; padding-top: 12px; padding-bottom: 7px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">花葶已长出20多厘米，花朵含苞待放，然而，好景不来，好花难开，花蕾逐渐萎缩。待剖开方知已染虫害，里面已经包着钻心虫。家庭养兰常见这些病虫害困扰，对此，来取如下治理方法。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">一、将兰盆翻倒，用自来水冲洗兰根，依附于芦头周围的叶库内壁尤其要重洗；刮去污垢物，待用于后用300倍液托布津、多菌灵泡浸30分钟（药液浸没芦头以上），然后再阴干上盆。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">二、建兰病株重新上盆前，植料、兰盆须经高温消毒，剪除染病叶片、枯头、病根，兰株上盆后进行喷药，灭除病虫害。用荔枝虫敌、扑虱灵、甲基托布津、多菌灵500倍液第一次喷药，以后每隔10天一次，连续3次。喷药时叶底叶面均匀喷洒，假鳞茎部分尤要重施。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">三、选好放置场所。选择兰场最佳位置。兰盆在上午8点半（夏天）以前接受阳光直射，9点以后转移到阴棚内晒“花花太阳”，12点后放置阴凉处。此时，其前后左右上下均要通风，地面放水回流，增加湿度；届时清风徐来，凉风习习，于兰花生长十分有利。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">白绢病</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">多发生于梅雨季节。应注意通风透光，盆土排水良好予以预防，发病后可去掉带菌盆土，撒上五氯硝基苯粉剂或石灰即可。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">炭疽病</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">终年都有，高温多雨季节更为猖极。防治方法除改善环境条件外，发病期可先用50%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂800-1500倍液喷治，7-10天一次，然后再辅以l%等量式波尔多液，每半月1次。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">蚧壳虫</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">在高温多湿、空气流动不畅的情况下，繁殖最快。用常规法防治。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">根腐病</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">线虫寄生于兰花根部，引起根系腐烂，地上叶片生长不良，叶色退绿、发黄，甚至造成植株萎焉。线虫危害造成大量伤口，还引起其他土传病菌的侵染，导致植株发病，加速植株枯死。栽培基质应消毒，可用100度蒸汽灭菌消毒，杀死虫卵。危害重的要立即换盆，将病株泡入药液中20-30分钟，捞出晾干，用新基质从新栽种。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">无公害防治</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">介绍一些民间流传的无公害防治兰花病虫害的小验方：</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">一、茶麸，也称茶枯、茶籽饼，系茶籽榨油后剩下的渣料，农民常用来洗涤衣服。茶麸中含有皂素和糖苷，其水浸出液里碱性，对害虫有很好的胃毒和触杀作用。防治方法：1.将捣碎成粉状的茶麸、沸水按1：5的比例浸泡一昼夜，用其淋浇兰盆，同时淋浇兰盆放置的场所及其他兰盆，对蜗牛有较好的防治作用。2.用茶麸水喷洒兰株，对蚜虫和红蜘蛛的防治效果很好，可达90%以卜。3.茶麸水还可杀灭蚯蚓。用茶麸水浇透盆土，稍过片刻，蚯蚓便会钻出土表，拣出除之。蚯蚓对兰花的功与过，兰界看法不一。一种看法，认为盆中的蚯蚓，活动时会破坏一些兰菌的菌丝、伤及兰根的根尖，是害虫，必须除之。另一种看法，认为兰盆中的蚯蚓，可吃掉兰盆中许多腐烂物质及兰花的烂根，蚯蚓的活动能起疏松土壤的作用，其粪便还可作为兰花的肥料，功大于过，不必杀之。孰是孰非，有待兰友们根据自己的实践观察，权衡利弊，加以判断。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">二、异味蔬菜（大葱、大蒜、韭菜、生姜、洋葱等）异味蔬菜均有各自的异味，其气味能起杀虫灭菌的作用。防治方法：1．取25g大蒜，捣碎后挤汁，稀释在10L水中，立即喷洒兰株，可治蚜虫、红蜘蛛、介壳虫及灰霉病。将去皮大蒜压成小块，等距离放于兰盆表土，几天后蚯蚓、蚂蚁绝迹。2将切碎的大葱、水按1︰30的比例浸泡一昼夜后过滤，用其喷洒兰株，一日喷数次，连续喷洒数天，对防治蚜虫、软体害虫及防治白粉病等均有良好的效果。3．用姜1斤，加水半斤，捣烂取汁，每斤汁液加水6斤，喷洒兰株，可防治蚜虫。4．将韭菜汁、清水按1︰60的比例混合，用其喷洒兰株，每日喷2次，重复喷数天，可治愈黑斑病。5．取15g切碎的洋葱鳞茎，放入2市斤水中密封浸泡7小时后过滤，用滤液喷洒兰株，可治红蜘蛛、蚜虫。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">三、烟头：烟叶中含烟碱3%左右。烟碱对害虫具有强烈的触杀和胃毒作用。取20来个吸剩的烟头和一份生石灰，加水搅拌浸泡过滤，再加入30份水，用其喷洒兰株、盆土和盆底，可消灭蚂蚁和其他体无蜡质的害虫。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">四、洗衣粉和洗涤剂：洗衣粉能溶解介壳虫的角膜，同时形成一层泡沫裹住虫体，使介壳虫窒息而死。洗衣粉溶液能防治一些病虫害。防治方法：1．用少量温水溶化洗衣粉，再用水稀释至1000倍液，喷洒兰株，可杀灭蚜虫、粉虱、红蜘蛛。稀释至600倍液，三天喷一次，续喷三次，介壳虫全部死亡。2．将猪苦胆汁、清水按1：100的比例混合，并加入少量洗衣粉，用其喷洒兰株，可防治炭疽病和软腐病。用洗衣粉溶液喷洒兰株，待害虫死后，必须用清水冲洗叶片几次．以使兰株正常生长。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">五、白酒：将白酒、水按1：2的比例混合，喷洒兰株，每周喷一次，续喷三次，可杀灭介壳虫。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">六、柑桔皮：把柑桔皮放于盆底，可防止蚂蚁等害虫进入盆土中为害兰花。还可将柑桔皮切成碎末，撒在盆土表面，几天不浇水，可治蚜虫、介壳虫等。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">七、红糖：将粉状红糖、开水按1︰100的比例混合，凉后用红糖液喷洒兰株，每3天喷一次，续三次，对防治霜霉病、白粉病、黑斑病、叶枯病有较好的效果。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">八、柴油：将柴油、水按1︰60的比例调成乳剂，再以100倍水稀释后喷洒兰株，可治介壳虫等。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">九、草木灰：将草木灰、水按1︰50的比例浸泡两昼夜后过滤，用滤液喷洒兰株，既可治蚜虫，又能增加钾肥。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">十、食醋：将食醋、清水按1︰8倍的比例混合，用其均匀地喷洒兰叶正背面，可治介壳虫。如果介壳虫已成虫，可略为提高混合液的酸度，三天喷一次，续三次，就能杀灭己成虫的介壳虫。叶面喷洒食醋液还可消灭黑斑病、白粉病、叶斑病、黄化病等。工业用酸醋忌用。</h3>

家庭养兰病虫防治常用方法