耕地和草地土壤健康研究进展与展望
耕地和草地土壤健康研究进展与展望
作者:
司绍诚 吴宇澄 李远 涂晨 付传城 骆永明骆永明
中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室(烟台海岸带研究所), 山东烟台 264003;中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所), 南京 210008
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基金项目:
国家自然科学基金重大项目（41991330）资助
The Current Research Progress and Prospects of Cultivated and Grassland Soil Health—A Review
Author:
SI ShaochengSI Shaocheng
Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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WU Yucheng
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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LI Yuan
Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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TU Chen
Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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FU Chuancheng
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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LUO Yongming
Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China;Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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摘要:
土壤是地球关键带的重要组成部分，为维持和保障农业生产、植物生长、动物栖息、生物多样性和环境质量提供了基本服务，是链接整个自然生态系统的核心要素之一。增强土壤健康对实现可持续发展目标至关重要，近年来在全世界范围内皆受到更多的重视和更广泛的研究。耕地和草地是当前地球上最大的土地利用类型，分别约占地球上无冰土地12%和26%。同时，“田”和“草”是“山水林田湖草生命共同体”中的重要组成部分，维护耕地和草地两种农牧地类型土壤健康对于维持整个自然生态系统健康和实现可持续发展具有重要意义。近二十年来，围绕这两种土地利用类型土壤健康的相关研究呈现兴起态势。中国在此研究领域虽比较活跃，但研究成果的影响力还有待加强，且还未从国家层面建立一个统一的土壤健康评估体系。本文首先厘清了土壤健康内涵的演变，并聚焦于以上两个典型的农牧地类型，归纳了当前国内外相关研究的热点内容；其次，梳理了当前国内外土壤健康评估研究工作现状，同时总结了中国在土壤健康维护方面已有的工作基础；最后，对我国未来土壤健康评估研究提出了建议和展望，以期为改善耕地和草地土壤功能、维护我国土壤健康提供依据和方法。
Abstract:
Soil is an essential component of the Earth's critical zone, offering series of essential ecosystem services (i.e. agricultural production, plant growth, animal habitat, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and environmental quality) . Soil stands for a nexus of the whole natural ecosystem. Enhancing soil health is vital to achieving sustainable development goals; therefore, scientific researchers have paid much attention to that over the world. Cultivated land and grassland are currently the most extensive land-use types on the Earth, accounting for 12% and 26% of the ice-free land, respectively. Also, these two crucial components consist of the Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grass System theory. Therefore, keeping up the soil health status of these two land-use patterns has significant meaning for holding the whole natural ecosystem healthy and achieving sustainable development goals. In recent decades, the research focusing on the soil health of these two land-uses types is progressive worldwide. China is also relatively vibrant in this research field; however, the achievements have not made a difference. Additionally, a unified soil health assessment system has not yet been established at the national level. In this paper, firstly, the connotation and evolution of “soil health” was sorted out comprehensively. Then, focusing on the cultivated land and grassland, we highlighted the recent hotpots and advances in soil health globally. Secondly, we outlined several soil health assessment systems in different countries and sketched out series of fundamental works on soil health maintenance in China. Finally, we pointed out the new insights in the future to improve soil ecosystem functions and maintain the soil health of cultivated and grassland soils in China.
引用本文司绍诚,吴宇澄,李远,涂晨,付传城,骆永明.耕地和草地土壤健康研究进展与展望[J].土壤学报,2022,59(3):626-641. DOI:10.11766/trxb202104090063 SI Shaocheng, WU Yucheng, LI Yuan, TU Chen, FU Chuancheng, LUO Yongming. The Current Research Progress and Prospects of Cultivated and Grassland Soil Health—A Review[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2022,59(3):626-641.
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