不同用量有机酸土壤调理剂对土壤养分和作物生长的影响
摘要： 针对西北地区土壤肥力下降、保水保肥能力差的问题,选用黄绵土和灌漠土两种土壤类型,以玉米和箭筈豌豆为指示作物,通过盆栽试验,研究施用0、20、40、60 g·kg-1有机酸土壤调理剂对土壤养分和作物生长的影响。结果表明: 施用有机酸土壤调理剂可以降低作物生育期土壤水分蒸发散失;显著提高土壤中有效养分含量,对磷素的提升效果尤为明显,较未施用有机酸土壤调理剂处理速效磷含量和占比最高,分别提高256.5%和227.4%。在黄绵土上,随着调理剂施用量的提高,玉米和箭筈豌豆的地上部干重均表现出先上升后下降的趋势,用量为20 g·kg-1时达到最大值;当土壤调理剂用量超过20 g·kg-1时,土壤全盐含量显著上升,箭筈豌豆出苗率显著下降。在灌漠土上,调理剂施用量对玉米土壤全盐含量的影响不显著,当调理剂用量为60 g·kg-1时,箭筈豌豆土壤全盐含量显著提高;箭筈豌豆和玉米地上部干重分别在调理剂用量为40和60 g·kg-1时最大。因此,在黄绵土上种植箭筈豌豆和玉米时调理剂的最佳施用量均为20 g·kg-1,在灌漠土上的最佳施用量分别为40和60 g·kg-1。
关键词: 灌漠土, 黄绵土, 玉米, 箭筈豌豆, 有机酸土壤调理剂, 干重
Abstract: Northwest China is burdened by declining soil fertility and poor capacity of water and nutrient retention. A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of organic acid conditio-ners (OASC) with four application rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 g·kg-1) on soil nutrients and crop growth. Maize and common vetch were the focus crops and loessial soil and irrigated desert soil were the soil types. The results showed that OASC application reduced water evaporation loss and significantly improved soil available nutrient content, with the most obvious effects on soil phosphorus. Available phosphorus content and proportion were increased by 256.5% and 227.4%, respectively, compared with no OASC treatment. The shoot dry weights of maize and common vetch on loessial soil were initially increased with the increasing OASC application rate and were highest at the application rate of 20 g·kg-1. The values progressively decreased with increasing OASC addition rates. Total salt content was significantly increased and the rate of emergence of common vetch decreased at OASC rate exceeding 20 g·kg-1. For irrigated desert soil, the OASC application rate did not affect total salt content when maize was planted. There was significant increase in soil total salt contents when common vetch was planted and at the OASC rate of 60 g·kg-1. The shoot dry weight of common vetch and maize was highest with the OASC application rates at 40 g·kg-1 and 60 g·kg-1, respectively. The optimal OASC rate for planting common vetch and maize on loess soil was 20 g·kg-1. The application rates of 40 g·kg-1 and 60 g·kg-1 were optimal for planting common vetch and maize on irrigated desert, respectively.
Key words: irrigated desert soil, loessial soil, maize, common vetch, organic acid soil conditio-ner, dry weight
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