我国重要人体寄生虫病防控现状与挑战
摘要：
中国的寄生虫病防治成就举世瞩目。在全球率先消除了淋巴丝虫病;2021年消除疟疾,并获世界卫生组织正式认证;多地血吸虫病已达到消除或传播阻断标准;土源性线虫感染率降到了历史新低,全国处于低度流行状态,但总感染人数仍有千万之多,危害依然严重;华支睾吸虫病等食源性寄生虫病给中国的食品安全带来巨大威胁;虫媒寄生虫病、人兽共患寄生虫病等虽在一定程度上得到了控制,但疫情仍有反复;机会性寄生虫病在免疫功能低下人群中的发病率有所增长,输入性寄生虫病病例也有增多趋势。文章回顾分析了中国重要人体寄生虫病防控成效,梳理了重要人体寄生虫病流行现状,并分析寄生虫病防控所面临的风险与挑战,以期为新时期寄生虫病防控策略与措施的制订提供科学依据,为临床寄生虫病诊治提供流行病学参考数据。
关键词: 寄生虫病, 人体寄生虫病, 防控, 流行病学
Abstract:
China has made remarkable achievements in the prevention and control of human parasitic diseases,becoming the first country in the elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Malaria has been eliminated in China,which is approved by World Health Organization in 2021. Schistosomiasis in many provinces reaches the standard of transmission interruption or elimination. The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode drops to a new historical low. However,the population of its infection is still tens of millions. Foodborne parasitic diseases,such as clonorchiasis sinensis,still pose a great threat to food safety in China. Although the vector-borne and zoonotic parasitic diseases have been controlled to some extent,the epidemic continues and relapses. The incidence of opportunistic parasitic diseases has increased in the population with immunodeficiency,and the cases of imported parasitic diseases have also increased. The review focuses on the results of parasitic diseases' prevention and control in China,understanding the epidemic status of important human parasitic diseases,analyzing the transmission risks and challenges of human parasitic diseases' prevention and control,so as to provide a reference for the health administrative department formulating the strategies and measures of parasitic diseases' prevention and control in the new period,and to provide epidemiological datum reference for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical parasitic diseases.
Key words: Parasitic disease, Human parasitic disease, Prevention and control, Epidemiology
中图分类号:
R446.7
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