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环境友好型农药喷施机械研究进展与展望

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2024-11-13 09:11

环境友好型农药喷施机械研究进展与展望

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(31901239)、江苏省基础研究计划项目（BK20170930）、江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)和南京林业大学“一流学科”建设经费项目(PNFD)

Development and Prospect in Environment-friendly Pesticide Sprayers

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摘要:

在农林病虫害防治中，化学方法仍占主导地位，化学农药施用不当会引起农药浪费、环境污染和农药残留等问题。为此，本文阐述了国内外对农药雾化、在线混药、可变量控制、仿形喷雾、雾滴飘移控制、静电喷雾、智能对靶喷雾集成等关键技术的研究概况；综述了防飘移喷雾机、仿形喷雾机、喷杆喷雾机、杂草防除机械、果园喷雾机、智能喷雾机等6类典型地面植保机械的发展概况，以及包括植保无人机及其关键部件在内的典型航空植保机械的研究发展水平；提出了环境友好型农药喷施机械“绿色环保、精确高效”的研究理念，以及开展植保机器人与专用植保机械（植保机器人及其阵列、专用植保机械）研发、航空施药机具与植保无人机研究、智能物联农药喷雾系统（病虫草害靶标智能监测识别与防治预警系统、无线物联智能植保信息传输系统、立体智能协同农药喷雾系统）研究和植保机械关键技术（新型喷头及在线混药、智能化载运平台）研究等总体发展建议。

Abstract:

The pesticide application plays a leading role in the control of agricultural and forestry pests and diseases, but the improper application of chemical pesticides causes a series of problems. Therefore, the research progress of the key technologies for the pesticide atomizing and nozzles, the inline pesticide mixing, the variable-rate control, the profiling spray, the droplet drift control, the electrostatic spraying, and the intelligent targeting spraying were analyzed. The development of six kinds of typical plant protection machinery was reviewed, that was, anti-droplet-drift sprayers, profiling sprayers, high clearance self-propelled sprayers, weeds control machines, orchard sprayers, and intelligent targeting sprayers. And the development of the aviation plant protection equipment, including the plant protection UAV and its key components was also reviewed. Then, the research concept and general ideas of environment-friendly pesticide spraying machinery, which were the “green and environment-friendly, precision and high efficiency”, were put forward. It was proposed to develop plant protection robots and special-purpose plant protection machinery, such as plant protection robot and its array design, plant protection machinery for specific applications, aviation pesticide application equipment and plant protection UAV. The intelligent IoT-driven pesticide spraying system was introduced, including the intelligent identification of pests targets and the precautionary prevention system, the intelligent plant protection information transmission system through wireless Internet of Things, the three-dimensional intelligent collaborative capability for the pesticide spray system. The key technology of plant protection machinery, including new nozzles and inline pesticide mixing, intelligent and flexible transport platform was put forward. It was suggested that more attention should be paid to help researchers better carry out disruptive innovative research on advanced plant protection machinery.

引用本文

郑加强,徐幼林.环境友好型农药喷施机械研究进展与展望[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(3):1-16. ZHENG Jiaqiang, XU Youlin. Development and Prospect in Environment-friendly Pesticide Sprayers[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(3):1-16.

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