植物花距表型趋同进化和发育机制多样化的研究进展
摘要：
花距常被认为是植物适应传粉者而出现的一个关键创新性状。花距在被子植物中广泛分布, 并且不同物种花距形态存在较大差异。已有研究集中于探讨花距与传粉者间复杂的关系。本文介绍了花距的概念和功能, 并且描述了花距的形态、长度、颜色和内含物等特征的多样性; 阐述了造成种内和种间花距形态差异的原因; 总结了花距在形成和发育过程中一系列细胞和关键分子机制。结合花距在被子植物中的分布和花距形成位置的多样性以及发育分子机制, 阐明花距可能是多次起源, 具有趋同进化特征, 但是形成和发育方式在进化上不保守。最后, 本文提出了花距未来研究的方向: (1)构建被子植物花距表型数据库, 为花距的系统研究提供基础数据; (2)通过基因工程等方法构建花距突变体库, 进一步验证花距变异对物种多样性的贡献; (3)使用多组学的方法, 深入开展花距形成和发育分子机制的研究。
关键词: 花距, 关键创新, 传粉, 花距发育, 分子机制
Abstract
Background & AimThe floral spur stands out as a key innovative trait that has evolved in response to the interaction between plants and pollinators. This trait is widely distributed in angiosperms, showcasing a highly variable morphology among different species. Previous research has focused on exploring the complex relationship between floral spur and their corresponding pollinators.
ProgressFirstly, this review introduces the concept and function of the spur, elucidating the diversity in spur morphology, length, color, and contents of across various species; secondly, it describes the factors contributing to intraspecific and interspecific variations in floral spur morphology; then, it summarizes a series information on cellular and key molecular mechanisms governing the formation and development of floral spur. The distribution of the spur in angiosperms, coupled with the diversity in spur formation sites and the molecular mechanisms of development, suggests that the multiple origins of the spur with convergent evolutionary features, but the pattern of floral spur formation and development appears non-conserved in the evolutionary progression.
Prospects This review offers the following perspectives for future research on floral spur: (1) Constructing a comprehensive database documenting the phenotypes of angiosperm floral spurs to provide fundamental data for the systematic investigations; (2) Constructing a mutant library of floral spur through genetic engineering and other tools to further verify the contribution of floral spur variants to species diversity; (3) Investigating the molecular mechanisms of the formation and development of floral spur using a multi-omics approach.
Key words: floral spur, key innovation, pollination, floral spur development, molecular mechanisms
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