心理灵活性代际传递：亲子关系的中介作用和师幼关系的调节作用*
摘要： 本研究采用父母心理灵活性量表、儿童心理灵活性量表、师幼关系量表和亲子关系量表,探究心理灵活性的代际传递作用机制。通过对51个班级的幼儿教师及318名幼儿家长进行问卷调查,多层路径分析结果发现：（1）父母的心理灵活性显著预测幼儿的心理灵活性;（2）亲密亲子关系和冲突亲子关系在父母心理灵活性和幼儿心理灵活性之间起部分中介作用;（3）师幼关系不仅可以调节亲密亲子关系、冲突亲子关系对幼儿心理灵活性的影响,而且可以调节亲密亲子关系、冲突亲子关系对父母心理灵活性与幼儿心理灵活性的中介作用。
关键词: 心理灵活性, 代际传递, 亲子关系, 师幼关系
Abstract:
The influence of parents'psychological flexibility on children's psychological flexibility has attracted researchers'attention. However, there are still a few limitations. First of all, most existing studies focus on the individual level when they explore the mechanism of psychological flexibility. Few scholars pay attention to the role of parents'psychological flexibility in childcare, and few researchers investigate the mechanism of psychological flexibility from the perspective of intergenerational transmission. Secondly, the underlying mechanism through which parents'psychological flexibility promotes children's psychological flexibility is unclear. There is no research on the relations among parents'psychological flexibility, parent-child relationship, and children's psychological flexibility. Thirdly, few studies applied the boundary conditions in the intergenerational transmission of psychological flexibility to reduce bad transmission and to improve favorable transmission. Finally, previous studies rarely use a multilevel perspective to analyze the influencing factors of children's psychological flexibility, ignoring the nested nature of influencing factors. Therefore, it is necessary to use the method of multilevel analysis to discuss the impacts of individual level and class level on children. This study introduced the intergenerational perspective and analyzed the mediating mechanism and boundary conditions of intergenerational transmission of psychological flexibility, expanding the research on the mechanisms of psychological flexibility.
This study used parents'psychological flexibility scale, children's psychological flexibility scale, the teacher-child relationship scale, and the parent-child relationship scale to explore the intergenerational transmission of mechanisms of psychological flexibility. We tested this model with data from teachers in 51 classes and 318 parents. Due to the nested nature of our data, we adopted the multilevel path analysis approach using Mplus 7.4 to test the proposed hypotheses. Indirect effects were calculated using Monte Carlo parameter sampling to estimate 95% confidence intervals to determine their significance. It controlled the problems of the indirect effect caused by nonnormal sampling distributions. Mplus 7.4 software was used to report the multilevel moderation effect and the multilevel moderated mediation effect.
The results of multilevel path analysis showed that parents'psychological flexibility significantly predicted children's psychological flexibility. Besides, parent-child closeness and parent-child conflict mediated the relation between parents'and children's psychological flexibility. Teacher-child relationship not only moderated the relations among parent-child closeness, parent-child conflict and children's psychological flexibility, but also moderated the mediating effects of parent-child closeness and conflict in the relation between parents'and children's psychological flexibility.
This study constructed a moderated mediation model to investigate the intergenerational mechanism of parent-child relationship and teacher-student relationship on the intergenerational transmission of psychological flexibility. The results showed that there was intergenerational transmission between parents'psychological flexibility and children's psychological flexibility. Parent-child closeness and conflict mediated the intergenerational transmission of psychological flexibility, and the teacher-child relationship moderated the second half of the dual mediation path. This research verifies the intergenerational transmission of psychological flexibility and clarifies the mechanism of different interpersonal relationships on psychological flexibility in different systems, which has a certain practical significance for effectively improving children's psychological flexibility.
Key words: psychological flexibility, intergenerational transmission, parent-child relationship, teacher-child relationship
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