城市公园不同植物群落内空气负离子变异格局及影响因素
摘要：
选取上海市中心城区中山公园中9个不同配置的植物群落, 通过1年内连续监测空气负离子浓度, 分析得到了各群落中负离子的变异格局, 并探索了不同群落结构、不同郁闭度、周边水体等因素对空气负离子浓度的影响. 结果表明: 中山公园不同群落类型负离子浓度大多在200 ~ 700个/cm3, 日变化呈单峰形, 1年内在7月至10月间保持较高水平且波动程度较大; 群落结构与负离子浓度的关系大致为草 > 乔灌 ≈ 乔草 > 乔灌草, 群落结构越复杂, 负离子变异性越小; 负离子浓度变异系数与郁闭度间呈负相关关系, 即郁闭度越高, 群落中空气负离子浓度的变异系数越低, 在每日植物发生光合作用的7:00 ~ 19:00, 植物郁闭度与负离子浓度变异系数的负相关性更为显著. 此外, 城市公园中常见的静态水体对负离子浓度的影响不显著. 可为城市公园中营造适宜健康的植物群落提供基础数据和科学依据.
关键词: 城市公园, 空气负离子, 植物群落, 变异格局
Abstract:
In this study, we evaluated the variation patterns of air anions in nine plant communities with different structures in Zhongshan Park of the central city of Shanghai; the air anion concentration was monitored continuously over the course of a year. In addition, we analyzed the influence of different factors—community structure, canopy density, and the level of surrounding water—on air anion concentration. The results showed that the air anion concentration within different community types was mostly between 200 cm3 and 700 cm3, and the daily variation showed a single peak. Air anion concentration remained at a high level but fluctuated significantly from July to October. The relationship between community structure and air anion concentration was roughly as follows: herbage > arbor with shrubs ≈ arbor with herbage > arbor with shrubs and herbage; in general, the more complex the community structure, the less the air anion variability. There was a negative correlation between the mean variation of the air anion concentration and the canopy density, implying that higher canopy density values were associated with lower mean variation of the air anion concentration throughout the community. This negative correlation became more significant in the daytime, between 7:00 to 19:00, when photosynthesis was ongoing. In addition, the impact of static water on the anion concentration was not found to be significant. The conclusion of this paper can provide basic data and a scientific basis for the construction of healthy plant communities in urban parks.
Key words: urban park, air anion, plant community, spatial variation
中图分类号:
X835
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