苜蓿根腐病生防真菌筛选鉴定及其防治效果研究
摘要： 根腐病是苜蓿（Medicago sativa）生产中的重要限制性病害，应用生物技术对其进行防治对环境友好型可持续农业具有重要意义。本研究从不同地区苜蓿根际土壤中分离得到的95株真菌中筛选出了2株对根腐病病原菌抑菌率较高的菌株，经鉴定，2株拮抗真菌ZY56和GY37分别为哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）和康宁木霉（Trichoderma koningii）。对2株菌株的拮抗能力及盆栽防效的测定结果表明：2株菌株对4种镰刀菌（Fusarium spp.）均有较好的抑制效果，其7 d抑菌率在54.9%~75.3%之间，其中ZY56对尖孢镰刀菌（F.oxysporum）和半裸镰刀菌（F.semitectum）的抑菌率较高，而GY37对燕麦镰刀菌（F.avenaceum）和腐皮镰刀菌（F.solani）的抑菌效果更好；ZY56对盆栽苜蓿根腐病的防效显著高于多菌灵，达到66.4%，且促进生根效果明显，GY37也具有良好的防治效果，防效为55.1%。
关键词: 苜蓿, 根腐病, 生防真菌, 筛选鉴定, 防效
Abstract: Root rot is one of the main diseases in alfalfa production. The application of biocontrol technology is of great significance to environmentally friendly sustainable agriculture. Two strains with better antagonistic effect were screened from 95 strains through the confrontation culture experiment which was isolated from alfalfa rhizosphere soil in different planting areas. Two antagonistic fungi ZY56 and GY37 were identified as Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma koningii. The results of 2 strains's antagonistic activity and potted plant control effect showed that:the two strains had good antagonistic effect on four kinds of Fusarium,the inhibitory rate ranged from 54.9%to 75.3%,among them,ZY56 has a higher inhibitory rate against F. oxysporum and F. semidaricum,while GY37 has a better bacteriostasis effect against F. avenaceum and F. solani. The control effect of ZY56 on alfalfa root rot was significantly higher than that of carbendazim (66.4%),and the promoting rooting effect is obvious. GY37 also has good control effect,and the control effect is 55.1%.
Key words: Alfalfa, Root rot, Biocontrol fungi, Screening and identification, Control effect
中图分类号:
S432
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