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中国自然保护地建设：机遇与挑战

花匠小妙招
2024-11-24 19:34

中国自然保护地建设：机遇与挑战

刘道平, 欧阳志云3, 张玉钧4, 邹红菲5, 钟林生6, 徐基良7, 曾江宁8, 金崑9, 钟永德10, 吴江洲10, 叶文11, 杨宇明12 1.

国家林业和草原局华东调查规划设计院，杭州 310019

国家林业和草原局自然保护地评价中心，杭州 310019

中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京 100085

北京林业大学园林学院，北京 100083

东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院，哈尔滨 150040

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101

北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院，北京 100083

自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室，自然资源部第二海洋研究所，杭州 310012

中国林业科学研究院自然保护地研究所，北京 100091

10.

中南林业科技大学旅游学院，长沙 410004

11.

西南林业大学地理与生态旅游学院，昆明 650224

12.

云南省林业和草原科学院，昆明 650201

详细信息

通讯作者:

刘道平: E-mail：liudaoping@126.com

中图分类号: S759.9

计量文章访问数: 01463 HTML全文浏览量: 0358 PDF下载量: 0869 出版历程收稿日期: 2021-02-04 修回日期: 2021-02-21 刊出日期: 2021-02-24

Development of Natural Protected Areas in China: Opportunities and Challenges

LIU Daoping1, 2, , , OUYANG Zhiyun3, ZHANG Yujun4, ZOU Hongfei5, ZHONG Linsheng6, XU Jiliang7, ZENG Jiangning8, JIN Kun9, ZHONG Yongde10, WU Jiangzhou10, YE Wen11, YANG Yuming12 1.

East China Inventory and Planning Institute, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, China

Evaluation Center of Natural Protected Area, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, China

Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China

Research Institute of Natural Protected Area, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

10.

College of Tourism, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China

11.

School of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

12.

Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China

摘要

摘要: 自然保护地是中国生态建设的核心载体、中华民族的宝贵财富、美丽中国的重要象征，党的十九大提出“构建国土空间开发保护制度，完善主体功能区配套政策，建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系”。针对自然保护地体系建设面临的机遇与挑战，来自国内自然保护地领域的12位专家分别研讨了中国自然保护地立法、管理制度、规划分区和公众参与等内容。专家一致认为，健全以国家公园为主体的自然保护地管理制度体系非常紧迫，同时需厘清存在的主要问题，抓住难得的发展机遇，勇于迎接时代的挑战。通过立法不断完善管理框架、管理内容和目标、管理方法与途径，根据自然保护地功能和主要保护对象特点确定相应的保护管理机制与方式，注重人与自然关系的价值取向和维度研究，完善体制机制；构建广泛、合理、高效的公众参与制度，通过特许经营促进自然保护地环境、经济和社会效益的有效管理；加强监测与基础研究，创新基础理论、突破关键技术、提升生态功能，创建成果集成示范，发挥样板作用；突出自然保护地规划的基本定位，从理念、目标、层级、内容和方法等方面遵循相关原则，系统评估和区分各类型保护地的功能定位并将之整合为一个有机整体。

关键词: 自然保护地 / 国家公园 / 机遇 / 挑战

Abstract: Natural protected areas are the core carrier of ecological construction, a precious wealth source, and an important symbol of China. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to “build a land and space development and protection system, improve the supporting policies of the main functional areas, and establish a system of natural protected areas system with national parks as the main body.” Considering the opportunities and challenges faced by the construction of natural protected areas system, 12 experts in natural protected areas experts discussed the legislation, management system, regional planning, and public participation in natural protected areas in China. The experts agree that it is important to improve the management system of natural protected areas with national parks as the main body. The main problems must be identified, the rare development opportunities should be seized, and the current challenges must be met. The management framework, management contents and objectives, and management methods and approaches through legislation should be continuously improved, the corresponding protection and management mechanism and methods according to the functions of natural protected areas and the characteristics of the main protected objects should be determined, the value orientation and dimension research of the relationship between human and nature should be addressed, and the mechanism of the system should be improved. Additionally, we must build a broad, reasonable, and efficient public participation system, and promote its sustainable development and effective management of environmental, economic, and social benefits of natural protected areas through franchising. We should strengthen monitoring and basic research, innovate basic theories, make breakthroughs in key technologies, improve ecological functions, create an integrated demonstration of achievements, and set up examples of best practices. The basic role of natural protected areas planning should be highlighted and relevant principles from the concept, objectives, levels, contents, and methods should be followed. Finally, it is necessary to systematically evaluate and distinguish the functional orientation of various types of protected areas and integrate them into a holistic system.

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