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中国旌节花Stachyurus chinensis Franch.

花匠小妙招
2024-11-26 11:37

中国旌节花Stachyurus chinensis Franch.

别名：萝卜药;小通草;小通花;杨猫;小通藤;通草树;水凉子;山麻皮;旌节花;画眉杠;称铊;白蛇精;矮脚棍;小凉子;通花杆;中华旌节花;鱼泡通;白通;中国荆节花;月亮心;通条木;通泡树;萝蔔药;细泡通;短穗旌节花;中花旌节花;通草花;通花;云南旌节花;通草;通泡木;通条;通条树;宽叶旌节花;

科名：旌节花科 Stachyuraceae

属名：旌节花属 Stachyurus

《中国植物志》第52(1)卷091页
9.中国旌节花（峨眉植物图志）水凉子（中国树木分类学），萝卜药（河南），旌节花（广群芳谱）
Stachyurus chinensis Franch. in Journ. de. Bot. 12: 254. 1898; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 475. 1900; Lecomte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 353, Pl. 33, fig. 12-18. 1910; Rehd. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 287. 1912, et in Journ. Am. Arb. 8: 178. 1927; Chung in Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 176. 1924; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 7: 316. 1931; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 383. 1931;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学863. 1937; H. L. Li in Bull. Tom Bot. Club 70 (6): 625, fig. 11. 1943; 峨眉植物图志2 (1): pl. 101. 1945;中国高等植物图鉴2: 931,图3592. 1972; S. K. Chen in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3 (2): 131. 1981; 云南植物志3: 346, 图版100, 图1-2. 1983; Y. C. Tang et al. in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 21 (3): 242. 1983;中国树木志2: 1931, 图985: 1-2., 1985; 四川植物志3: 264, 图版81: 1-3. 1985.——S.duclouxii Pitard ex Chung in Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 176. 1924. ——S. praecox auct. non Sieb. et Zucc. : Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 475. 1900.
形态特征：落叶灌木，高1.5—5米。树皮暗褐色。叶互生，纸质，卵形至卵状长圆形，少数长圆状披针形，长15厘米，宽3.5—7厘米，先端尾状渐尖，基部圆形或近心形，边缘有疏锯齿，无毛，或下面沿中脉被疏柔毛。穗状花序腋生，下垂，长4—10厘米，药黄色，萼片4，三角形，花瓣4，倒卵形，
用途：茎髓部药用，有清热利尿、通气下乳等功效，主治湿温、淋症、乳汁不下、气闭耳聋。
分布：产泮水、古水、下谷坪、大树坪、尼叉河、大九湖、九冲、黑沟、马家屋场、老君山，红坪、关门山、狼牙山、枪仓、板桥、朱家湾、大石板、灰岩屋。
生境：生长在海拔500—2000米的山谷、沟边、林缘、或灌木丛中。
同属提示：本种的变种宽中旌节花，叶较宽，近基部必形。茎髓药用。功效与中国旌工比相同。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Stachyurus chinensis Franchet
中国旌节花 zhong guo jing jie hua
Stachyurus caudatilimbus C. Y. Wu ex S. K. Chen; S. chinensis subsp. cuspidatus (H. L. Li) Y. C. Tang & Y. L. Cao; S. chinensis var. cuspidatus H. L. Li; S. chinensis subsp. latus (H. L. Li) Y. C. Tang & Y. L. Cao; S. chinensis var. latus H. L. Li; S. duclouxii Pitard ex Chung; S. sigeyosii Masamune.
Shrubs deciduous, 2-4 m tall. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate or oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, or suborbicular, 5-12 × 3-7 cm, papery to membranous, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent along midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 5- or 6-paired, raised on both sides, base usually subcordate, or obtuse, margin crenate-serrate, apex acuminate to shortly caudate-acuminate, or rarely retuse. Spikes 5-10 cm. Flowers opening before leaves appear, yellow, ca. 7 mm, subsessile or shortly pedicellate; bract triangular-ovate, ca. 3 mm, apex acute; bracteoles ovate, ca. 2 cm. Sepals yellow-green, ovate, ca. 3.5 mm, apex obtuse. Petals ovate, ca. 6.5 mm, apex rounded. Ovary bottle-shaped, puberulous; style ca. 2 mm. Fruit globose, 6-7 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 24*.
● Forests, thickets, forest margins; 400-3000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
This most widely distributed species in the genus is very highly polymorphic in the shape, size, and apices of the leaves. The apices of the leaves are highly variable, but the variation seems to be continuous. The bases of the leaves are usually subcordate, and seemingly the most stable diagnostic character for this species. The plants from Taiwan are more narrowly oblong-elliptic, but show no essential differences from those of Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi. From the subcordate leaf bases of the Taiwan plants, it seems more reasonable to refer them to Stachyurus chinensis than to S. himalaicus. These two species are usually distinguishable by leaf shape, particularly the leaf base, but the plants from SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, and NW Yunnan cannot be distinctly differentiated from those of the Himalayan region. In a broader sense, the two species may be better treated as conspecific.