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生态学论文砷超富集植物蜈蚣草的研究进展.docx

花匠小妙招
2024-11-28 15:02

砷超富集植物蜈蚣草的研究进展摘要：砷具有致癌、致突变和致畸性，是一种对免疫系统有害的物质。高砷地下水严重威胁全球数百万人的健康。超富集植物以其对重金属的耐性、富集性等特性展示了它在重金属污染修复方面的巨大潜力。利用超富集植物修复环境污染的研究获得了学术界和公众的普遍关注。蜈蚣草是最近发现的砷超富集植物，具有生长快、适应性广和吸收积累砷能力强等特点，是一种理想的砷超富集植物，而我国蜈蚣草野生资源丰富。本文从蜈蚣草的发现，它的砷富集原理，富集量，富集砷能力的基因型差异及其对环境因子的反应，地下水中氟对对蜈蚣草除砷的影响，砷形态、HCO3-和pH对蜈蚣草除砷的影响及应用，筛选并利用抗砷菌与蜈蚣草互作用以及蜈蚣草产后处置及其资源化等方面进行了系统的阐述。关键词：超富集植物；蜈蚣草；产后处置；资源化Abstract：Arsenic is carcinogenic and mutagenic and teratogenic nature, is a substance that is harmful to the immune system. High arsenic groundwater seriously threatened the health of millions of people around the world. For its patience with the heavy metal hyperaccumulation plants and enrichment characteristics shows its great potential in the aspect of heavy metal pollution repair. Repair the pollution of the environment research hyperaccumulation plants using won the attention of the academia and the public. Centipede grass hyperaccumulation plants is the recent discovery of arsenic, with fast growth, wide adaptability and strong ability of absorbing accumulation of arsenic etc, is a kind of ideal hyperaccumulation plants arsenic, and the centipede grass wild resources are rich in our country. This article from the centipede grass found that arsenic enrichment principle of it, enrichment, arsenic enrichment capability of genotype differences in response to environmental factors, reviewing the centipede grass in addition to the influence of arsenic in groundwater fluorine, arsenic form, HCO3-, and the effect of pH on the centipede grass arsenic removal and application of filter and use the arsenic resistant bacteria and the centipede grass interaction, and the centipede grass postpartum disposal and resource recovery and so on has carried on the system in detail.Keywords: Hyperaccumulator; centipede grass; postpartum disposal; resources1983 年，美国科学家 Chaney et al. (1997)首次提出了植物修复技术的设想，它就是利用植物物种的特殊选择性的特点，来去除地下水或者土壤中的重金属污染物的一种新型方法。并且该技术中植物对土壤中污染物具有特殊的忍耐和超富集能力，通过植物的叶部可以累积大量的污染物，通过收割等方式进行妥善处理后，将重金属污染物移出土壤中，以达到治理污染与恢复生态的目的(王庆仁