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医学真菌学研究进展

花匠小妙招
2024-11-29 13:44

摘要： 医学真菌学是研究病原真菌和条件致病菌对人类致病的机制、临床诊断、治疗和预防的一门重要学科。现在已知的能引起人类疾病的真菌约有300余种，其引起疾病的表现多种多样。真菌病尤其是深部真菌感染病例数日益增多，真菌病已成为影响人类生活质量、威胁生命健康的重要疾病之一。近年来，随着重要病原真菌基因组测序的基本完成，对其毒性因子的研究深入而广泛。过去几年真菌感染的诊断获得了明显的进步，其中一些新方法可用于感染的早期检测。然而，就敏感性和特异性来讲也出现一些不理想的结果。需要强调的是，传统的真菌镜检、培养和组织病理学检查等方法仍是常规临床实验室里最可靠的方法。真菌耐药的报道日益增多，目前的研究一方面进一步探讨抗真菌药物产生耐药的机制、传播方式、耐药性与临床治疗的关系，以及建立标准化抗真菌药物敏感试验，从而控制耐药性的进一步发展；另一方面加快开发新的抗真菌药物以对付日益增多的耐药真菌。中药副作用小，来源广，价格低廉，较少出现耐药等，使研究开发抗真菌中药具备良好前景。

关键词: 真菌, 真菌病, 医学真菌学, , 纳米氢氧化钙, 碳酸化过程, 壁画修复, 纸张除酸, 土遗址加固

Abstract: Medical mycology is an important science about the researches how pathogenic fungi and opportunistic pathogens affect mechanism of human disease, clinical diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Now it is known that more than three hundreds species of fungi can cause human diseases, which exhibit great variation of manifestation of diseases. Number of people with fungal diseases, especially deep mycoses, increased greatly. Fungal diseases become one of important diseases that affect human life quality and threat life health. Recent years, along with completion of gene sequencing of important disease fungus, researches on toxicity agents were deepened and broadened. Lots of genes that encode toxicity agents were cloned successfully, and researches on the functions of these genes and mechanism of regulation were worked. Advances in diagnosis of fungal infections were made in the past years, and some new methods are used in the diagnosis of early stage of infection. However, it exhibits some unsatisfactory results that were related with drugs sensitivities and specificities. It is emphasized that the traditional direct microscopic examination, culture and histopathology are still the standard methods in regular laboratory. Reports on fungus resistance increased in recent years. The current researches focus on relationship between mechanism of drug resistance, mode of transmission, drug resistance and clinical therapy, and then establish standard fungus susceptibility test to control further progress of drug resistance. On the other hand, the researchers should take faster steps to develop the new antifungal agents to cope with the increased drug resistance. For the characteristics including less side effect, wider resources, lower prices, and less drug resistance, the Chinese traditional medicine has a good prosperity in the future.

Key words: fungus, mycosis, medical mycology, calcium hydroxide nanoparticle, carbonatation process, wall painting restoration, paper deacidification, consolidation of , historical earth sites