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缘毛太行花组织培养技术及驯化移栽土壤条件的研究

花匠小妙招
2024-11-30 23:41

摘要： 为解决濒危植物缘毛太行花自然繁殖和驯化移栽困难的问题，采用单因子结合正交试验设计对其组织培养技术体系进行研究，并在分析原生境土壤理化性质的基础上，对组培苗驯化移栽的土壤条件进行研究。结果表明，缘毛太行花组织培养愈伤组织诱导以中度成熟的叶片和叶柄为外植体，取材方便，无破坏性取样，采用0.1% HgCl2溶液表面消毒12 min，污染率最低，成功率最高；正交试验结果表明，采用MS+6-BA 0.1 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L（或不添加2,4-D）+琼脂0.7 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L，pH 5.8的培养基，愈伤组织诱导效果最好；降低培养温度至20 ℃能有效解决缘毛太行花外植体的褐化问题；不定芽分化培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+琼脂0.7 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L，pH 5.8；生根培养基为1/3 MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.15 mg/L+琼脂0.7 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L，pH 5.8。缘毛太行花原生境土壤容重为1.0~1.1 g/cm3，pH弱碱性（7.70~7.80），生境土壤中总磷、有机质和有效锰含量与其生长呈显著正相关，在此原则指导下，其组培苗驯化移栽选用园土∶稻壳炭∶有机肥2∶2∶1为移栽基质，前期维持80%~90%的空气相对湿度，注意遮阴，成活率可达42.53%，长势较好。

关键词: 缘毛太行花, 组织培养技术, 生境土壤, 理化性质, 驯化移栽

Abstract: In order to solve the problem in natural reproduction, domestication and transplanting of endangered plantTaihangia rupestrisvar.ciliate, its tissue culture technique was studied. Furthermore, based on the analysis of soil physicochemical properties in habitat ofT. rupestrisvar.ciliate,the soil conditions for domestication and transplanting of its cultured planets were established. The results were as follows: moderately mature leaves and petioles were the suitable explants for callus induction easy to be sampled with slight sampling disturbance to wildT. rupestrisvar.ciliate. The explants were sterilized in 0.1% aqueous mercuric chloride for 12 minutes, and then, had the lowest pollution rate and the highest success rate. The results of orthogonal test showed that the optimal medium formula for callus induction was as follows: 6-BA 0.1 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L ( or without 2,4-D )+agar 0.7 g/L+sucrose 30 g/L, pH 5.8. The problem of explant browning in callus induction ofT. rupestrisvar.ciliatewas effectively solved by reducing the culture temperature to 20 ℃. Then, the medium formula MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+agar 0.7 g/L+sucrose 30 g/L, pH 5.8, was the most appropriate for the differentiation of indefinite buds. And the rooting culture medium was 1/3 MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.15 mg/L+agar 0.7 g/L+sucrose 30 g/L, pH 5.8. Measurement results showed that the volume weight was 1.0－1.1 g/cm3, the pH was 7.7－7.8, and the total phosphorus (TP), organic matter and available manganese content of habitat soil were positively related to the growth ofT. rupestrisvar.ciliate, according to which the suitable transplanting medium for the cultured plantlets was garden soil∶rice husk carbon∶organic fertilizer 2∶2∶1 with relative air humidity 80%－90% and moderate shading in the early stage of transplanting. Under this cultivation technique, the survival rate reached 42.53%, and the growth was good.

Key words: Taihangia rupestrisvar.ciliata, tissue culture, habitat soil, physicochemical property, domestication and transplanting

中图分类号:

Q943.1

Q945