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伞房花耳草Hedyotis corymbosa (Linn.) Lam.

花匠小妙招
2024-12-02 23:54

伞房花耳草Hedyotis corymbosa (Linn.) Lam.

别名：小号蛇舌草;小号金石榴;丛花耳草;花耳草;细号蛇舌草;伞花耳草;蛇舌草;繖房花耳草;白花蛇舌草;伞花龙吐珠;水线草;伞房耳草;金石榴;圆茎耳草;

科名：茜草科 Rubiaceae

属名：耳草属 Hedyotis

《中国植物志》第71(1)卷072页
54. 伞房花耳草（广州植物志）水线草
Hedyotis corymbosa (Linn.) Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 272. 1791; Backer in Backer et Bakh. Fl. Java 2: 285. 1965; Yamazaki in Hara, Fl. E. Him. 309. 1966; 海南植物志3: 307. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 222, 图5858, 1975; J. M. Chao in Li, Fl. Taiwan 4: 272. 1978; Hara et Gould in Hara et al. Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 202. 1979; 新华本草纲要2: 442. 1991. ——Oldenlandia corymbosa Linn. Sp. Pl. 119. 1753; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 64. 1880; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 377. 1888; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yunnan 247. 1917; Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 3: 146. 1923. ——Pharaceum incanum Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 185. 1790, non Linn. ——O. herbacea DC. Prodr. 4: 425. 1830; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 151. 1861, (excl. var.) non Linn. ——O. hurmanniana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 529. 1834; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 189. 1857.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Hedyotis corymbosa (Linnaeus) Lamarck Tabl. Encycl. 1: 272. 1792.
伞房花耳草 san fang hua er cao
Slender herbs, annual, to 40 cm tall; stems 4-angled to flattened, 2-sulcate, with sides glabrous and angles thickened to winged and puberulent and/or scaberulous (var. corymbosa) or terete to flattened and sparsely to densely scaberulous to puberulent throughout (var. tereticaulis). Leaves subsessile; blade drying membranous, linear, narrowly lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 0.8-2 × 0.1-0.5 cm, adaxially sparsely scaberulous to glabrescent, abaxially glabrescent, base cuneate to acute, margins usually at least shortly revolute at least when dry, apex acute; secondary veins not visible; stipules fused to petiole bases, tubular, 1-2 mm, puberulent to glabrous, rounded to triangular, with 1-5(or 7) linear lobes or bristles 0.2-2.5 mm, these sometimes bifid. Inflorescence axillary, 1-flowered or usually cymose and 2-5-flowered, glabrous, pedunculate; peduncles 1(or 2) per axil, filiform, 1-16 mm; bracts lacking or stipuliform and 1-1.2 mm; pedicels slender, 2-12 mm. Flowers homostylous, pedicellate. Calyx glabrous to puberulent; hypanthium portion subglobose to narrowly ellipsoid, 0.5-0.8 mm; limb lobed essentially to base; lobes narrowly triangular, 0.5-1.2 mm, entire to ciliate. Corolla white or pink, funnelform to rotate; tube 0.8-1 mm, inside pubescent or glabrous; lobes spatulate-oblong to narrowly triangular, 0.5-0.8 mm. Anthers included, ca. 0.6 mm. Stigma 0.3-0.5 mm, included. Fruit capsular, subglobose, ovoid, or oblate, 1.2-2 × 1.2-2.2 mm, somewhat dicoccous, membranous, glabrous to puberulent, loculicidally dehiscent through flat to broadly rounded apex, beak when present to 0.5 mm, peduncles and pedicels usually elongating rapidly and markedly as fruit develop; seeds 20 or more, dark brown, angled, smooth. Fl. and fr. almost year-round.
Paddy fields, ridges of farmlands, humid grasslands; sea level to 900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Africa and tropical Asia; widely adventive in the Americas and the Pacific region].

These plants are low annual weeds found in highly disturbed habitats and show wide morphological variation between sites and usually among plants in one site in plant size, leaf width, number of peduncles per axil, and number of flowers per peduncle. The taxonomy of this and related species is complicated, and different authors have drawn very different conclusions (e.g., Sivarajan & Biju, Taxon 39: 665-674. 1990; Dutta & Deb, Taxon. Rev. Hedyotis. 2004). In particular, Hedyotis brachypoda, H. diffusa, and H. erecta are related and have been variously circumscribed. Here, these species are circumscribed generally though not completely following Sivarajan and Biju (loc. cit.) and W. C. Ko (in FRPS 71(1): 72, 75. 1999). However, W. C. Ko described the hypanthium of H. corymbosa as 1-1.2 mm in diam., which corresponds to H. diffusa in most recent classifications rather than H. corymbosa. The varieties recognized by W. C. Ko are presented here for reference.These plants are low annual weeds found in highly disturbed habitats and show wide morphological variation between sites and usually among plants in one site in plant size, leaf width, number of peduncles per axil, and number of flowers per peduncle. The taxonomy of this and related species is complicated, and different authors have drawn very different conclusions (e.g., Sivarajan & Biju, Taxon 39: 665-674. 1990; Dutta & Deb, Taxon. Rev. Hedyotis. 2004). In particular, Hedyotis brachypoda, H. diffusa, and H. erecta are related and have been variously circumscribed. Here, these species are circumscribed generally though not completely following Sivarajan and Biju (loc. cit.) and W. C. Ko (in FRPS 71(1): 72, 75. 1999). However, W. C. Ko described the hypanthium of H. corymbosa as 1-1.2 mm in diam., which corresponds to H. diffusa in most recent classifications rather than H. corymbosa. The varieties recognized by W. C. Ko are presented here for reference.