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中国马尾松遗传改良研究历程与成就

花匠小妙招
2024-12-03 20:08

摘要：

围绕中国马尾松遗传改良从20世纪50年代末的起步,70年代末80年代初开始的全面发展,到21世纪后现代生物技术的快速融入提升,较全面回顾了60多年3代人坚持不懈的科研历程及取得的主要成就,并着重总结南京林业大学马尾松课题组牵头或参与的优良种源筛选、优树选择、母树林与种子园营建、无性系选育、材性遗传改良、现代生物技术辅助育种等相关研究工作,及其创新与引领性作用、对社会的贡献和遗传改良经验。面对新的机遇与挑战,针对马尾松树种特点、现有研究基础及社会需求、结合生物学领域的发展趋势,进行了该树种的相关研究展望,认为未来该树种的遗传改良应围绕种质资源、多目标选育、家系与无性系林业需求、常规与现代生物技术融合等方面展开,同时需侧重抗松材线虫病、纸浆材、高产脂良种选育,将基础性和前沿性研究融入常规育种等领域,从而使该树种的遗传改良推向一个新高度。

关键词: 马尾松, 遗传改良, 研究进展, 成就, 战略对策

Abstract:

The genetic improvement of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in China started in the 1950s, comprehensively developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and rapidly advanced with the integration of post-modern biotechnology in the new century. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the research work (including provenance trials, superior tree selection, establishment of seed production stand and seed orchard, clone selection, wood properties improvement, and modern biotechnology-assisted breeding), major achievements, innovation, and leading role and contribution to society of the Nanjing Forestry University Group on Masson pine over the past 60 years. Additionally, the improvement experience is summarized. Facing new opportunities and challenges, and in view of the characteristics of the species, existing research basis and social needs, and development trend in the field of biology, we suggest that the genetic improvement of Masson pine in the future should be based on the work of germplasm resources, multi-objective selection and breeding, family and clone forestry needs, and integration of conventional and modern biotechnology. More attention should be given to the breeding fields of pine wood nematode-resistant, pulp making, and high-yield turpentine varieties, and basic and advanced research and its integration into conventional breeding. The above research will be beneficial to the genetic improvement of this tree species.

Key words: Masson pine(Pinus massoniana), genetic improvement, research review and prospect, achievement, strategic response

中图分类号:

S722