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118个枣品种表型性状多样性分析

花匠小妙招
2024-12-06 07:58

摘要

以农业农村部新疆地区果树科学观测实验站保存的118个枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)品种为研究对象，采用变异分析、相关性分析和聚类分析的方法，对118个枣品种的19个描述型性状和17个数量性状进行统计分析。结果表明：枣果实和果核19个描述型性状的Simpson指数为0.01～0.85，Shannon-Wiener指数为0.62～2.85，果实形状的多样性指数最高，果核有无的多样性指数最低。17个数量性状的变异系数为7.56%～63.12%，果实外在品质、花表型性状、叶片表型性状和果实内在品质的平均变异系数分别为27.96%、22.66%、20.42%和19.92%。相关性分析结果标明：枣叶片大小和花大小与果实大小和单果质量总体呈显著或极显著正相关，而果实内在品质与果实外在品质相关性较小。聚类分析结果显示：118个品种被划分为5类。Ⅰ类包括106个品种，可进一步被划分为5个亚类，其中，鲜食枣品种‘蜂蜜罐’（‘Fengmiguan’）、‘伏脆蜜’(‘Fucuimi’)和‘冬枣’（‘Dongzao’）在Ⅰ5亚类中聚为一支；Ⅱ类包括6个品种；Ⅲ类包括3个品种，其中，‘乐陵无核’（‘Laoling Wuhe’）和‘无核红’（‘Wuhehong’）是无核枣品种选育的良好亲本材料；Ⅳ类包括2个品种；Ⅴ类仅‘山东大柿饼’（‘Shandong Dashibing’）1个品种，该品种可作为良好的生态林木品种继续选育。上述研究结果显示：供试118个枣品种的描述型性状多样性较高，数量性状变异类型丰富，表型性状可以作为品种鉴别、育种目标确立和引种状态评价的重要指标。

Abstract

Taking 118 Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cultivars stored in Xinjiang Fruit Tree Scientific Observation and Test Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as research objects, 19 descriptive traits and 17 quantitative traits of 118 Z. jujuba cultivars were statistically analyzed by using variation analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis methods. The results show that the Simpson indexes of 19 descriptive traits of fruit and pit of Z. jujuba are 0.01-0.85, the Shannon-Wiener indexes are 0.62-2.85, the diversity index of fruit shape is the highest, and that of pit existence is the lowest. The coefficients of variation of 17 quantitative traits are 7.56%-63.12%, the average coefficients of variation of fruit appearance quality, flower phenotypic traits, leaf phenotypic traits, and fruit internal quality are 27.96%, 22.66%, 20.42%, and 19.92%, respectively. The correlation analysis result shows that leaf size and flower size of Z. jujuba show significant or extremely significant positive correlations with fruit size and single fruit mass in general, while the correlation between fruit internal quality and fruit appearance quality is relatively small. The cluster analysis result shows that 118 cultivars are divided into 5 categories. Category Ⅰ contains 106 cultivars, and are further divided into 5 subcategories, in which, fresh-eating Z. jujuba cultivars ‘Fengmiguan’, ‘Fucuimi’, and ‘Dongzao’ are clustered into one branch in subcategory Ⅰ5; category Ⅱ contains 6 cultivars; category Ⅲ contains 3 cultivars, in which, ‘Laoling Wuhe’ and ‘Wuhehong’ are good parent materials for breeding of seedless Z. jujuba cultivars; category Ⅳ contains 2 cultivars; category Ⅴ only contains one cultivar namely ‘Shandong Dashibing’, and this cultivar can be used as a good ecological forest cultivar for continuous breeding. It is suggested that the diversity of descriptive traits of 118 test Z. jujuba cultivars is relatively high, the variation types of quantitative traits are rich, and the phenotypic traits can be used as important indicators for cultivar identification, breeding target establishment, and introduction status evaluation.