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毛白杨Populus tomentosa Carr.

花匠小妙招
2024-12-10 06:26

毛白杨Populus tomentosa Carr.

别名：Chinese white poplar;绵白杨;独摇;白杨;白亮杨;三倍体毛白杨;笨白杨;大杨树;大叶杨;山桑;响叶杨;杨枸花;鬼柏树;响杨;奓白杨;憨白杨;

科名：杨柳科 Salicaceae

属名：杨属 Populus

《中国植物志》第20(2)卷017页
8．毛白杨（中国树木分类学）大叶杨（河南），响杨（中国高等植物图鉴）
Populus tomentosa Carr. in Rev. Hort. 867: 340. 1867; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 37. 1916; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs, 84. 1927; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping, 3: 227. 1935;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学, 113. 1937; 刘慎谔等, 东北木本植物图志, 112. 1955; 中国高等植物图鉴, 1: 351. 图702. 1972; 秦岭植物志, 1 (2): 17. 1974.——P. pekinensis Henry in Rev. Hort. 903: 335. f. 142. 1903.——P. glabrata Dode in Mem. Soc. Nat. Autun. 18: 185 (Ext.r Monogr. Ined. Populus, 27). 1905.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Populus tomentosa Carrière
毛白杨 mao bai yang
Trees to 30 m tall; trunk usually erect; bark at first dull gray, becoming grayish green to grayish white, later dark gray on basal part of trunk, furrowed, rough; crown conical to ovoid-globose, globose, or fastigiate. Lateral branches spreading, pendulous when old; branchlets at first gray tomentose, glabrescent. Buds ovoid, ovoid-globose, or subglobose, tomentulose. Leaves of short branchlets often smaller; petiole laterally flattened, slightly shorter than blade; leaf blade ovate or deltoid-ovate, 7-11 × 6.5-10.5 cm, abaxially tomentose when leaves unfold, glabrescent, adaxially dark green, shiny, base shallowly cordate to cordate or truncate, margin sinuate-dentate, apex acuminate. Long shoots with petiole 3-7 cm, compressed distally; leaf blade broadly ovate or deltoid-ovate, 10-15 × 8-13 cm, abaxially densely tomentose, glabrescent, adaxially dull green, smooth, base cordate or truncate, usually 2(-4)-glandular, margin with deeply coarse or sinuate teeth, apex shortly acuminate. Male catkin 10-14(-20) cm. Male flower: stamens 6-12. Female catkin 4-7 cm, to 14 cm in fruit. Female flower: ovary long ellipsoid; style pink, 2-lobed. Capsule conical or long ovoid, 2-valved. Fl. Mar, fr. Apr-May. 2n = 38*, 40*, 57*.
* Plains; near sea level to 1500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, S Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
Used for wood pulp, timber for construction, making farm tools, furniture, and matchwood; also commonly planted along streets and as an ornamental.

《中国辞典》:毛白杨

【出处】山东昌潍《慢性气管炎资料选编》
【拼音名】 Máo Bái Yánɡ
【别名】白杨、笨白杨、独摇（山东昌潍《慢性气管炎资料选编》）。
【来源】为杨柳种植物毛白杨的树皮。全年可采。
【原形态】大乔木，树高达25米。树皮灰白色，老时深灰色，纵裂；幼枝有灰色绒毛，老枝平滑无毛，芽稍有绒毛。叶互生；长枝上的叶片三角状卵形，长10～15厘米，宽8～12厘米，先端尖，基部平截或近心形，具大腺体2枚，边缘有复锯齿，上面深绿色，疏有柔毛，下面有灰白色绒毛，叶柄圆，长2.5～5.5厘米；老枝上的叶片较小，边缘具波状齿，渐无毛；在短枝上的叶更小，卵形或三角形，有波齿，背面无毛。柔荑花序，雌雄异株，先叶开放；雄花序长约10～14厘米；苞片卵圆形，尖裂，具长柔毛；雄蕊8；雌花序长4～7厘米；子房椭圆形，柱头2裂。蒴果长卵形，2裂。花期3月。果期4月。
【生境分布】分布辽宁及华北、西北、华东等地，一般为栽培。
【化学成份】树皮含总甙、皂甙、强心甙、黄酮甙、酚类、蛋白质、氨基酸。
【功能主治】祛痰。治咳嗽痰喘。
【临床应用】治疗慢性气管炎:取鲜白杨树皮2两，加水煎沸半小时后加入鲜蛤蟆草2两，再煎15分钟，滤出药液，药渣再加水煎沸15分钟。两次煎液混合约得150～200毫升，早晚2次分服，10天为一疗程。观察1558例，绝大多数经2～3疗程，总有效率为86％，其中显效以上占46.9％。对咳、痰、喘均有一定效果。极少数患者服药后有轻度腹部不适或腹痛腹泻，暂停药或继服后消失。对兼有痔疮、习惯性便秘的患者，也有一定治疗作用。
【摘录】《中国辞典》