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松材线虫病除治迹地自然恢复过程中物种多样性的动态变化

花匠小妙招
2024-09-13 20:14

摘要:对舟山海岛松材线虫病Bursaphelenchus xylophilus发生前设置的7个典型松林样地进行复查。结果表明：通过17 a的自然恢复，舟山海岛松材线虫病除治迹地已演替到针阔混交林或阔叶林阶段，其乔木层的多样性有所增加，增加幅度顺序为：演替到落叶阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林的马尾松Pinus massoniana纯林＞演替到落叶阔叶林的黑松P. thunbergii纯林＞演替到针阔混交林的马尾松纯林＞演替到落叶阔叶林的黑松阔叶树混交林＞演替到常绿落叶阔叶混交林的马尾松阔叶树混交林。马尾松阔叶树混交林更新层和灌木层的多样性下降，原更新树种极少的黑松纯林更新层多样性上升，其他林分的更新层和灌木层多样性变化不大，而草本层的多样性均明显减少。恢复形成至相同阶段的植被类型其多样性特征缺乏相似性，更多地取决于原有群落的组成结构。根据自然恢复过程中物种多样性的动态变化规律，结合海岛实际，提出应在除治迹地补植地带性植被的建群种或优势种的建议，以丰富物种和景观多样性。表2参21

Abstract:After a 17-year natural restoration period on Zhoushan Island，a resurvey of seven typical pine plots of masson pine（Pinus massoniana），Japanese black pine（Pinus thunbergii），and combinations of broadleaf and conifer forests，set up before occurrence of the pine wilt disease，was undertaken. Results showed that sample sites evolved to conifer-broadleaf mixed forest or broadleaf forest types with diversity of the tree layer increasing. Ranking of tree layer diversity was as follows：succession of pure masson pine forest to deciduous broadleaf forest and mixed，evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest＞succession of Japanese black pine forest to deciduous broadleaf forest＞succession of pure masson pine forest to conifer and broadleaf mixed forest＞succession of a mixed forest of Japanese black pine and broadleaf trees to deciduous broadleaf forest＞succession of a mixed forest of masson pine and broadleaf trees to evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest. Also，in the mixed forest of masson pine and broadleaf trees，diversity of regeneration layer and shrub layer decreased，in the Japanese black pine forest diversity of the regeneration layer increased，other forest stands changed little，and diversity of the herb layer decreased. After natural restoration，diversity of vegetation types exhibited little similarity. Based on the dynamic variation rule of species diversity during natural restoration as well as conditions on Zhoushan Island，species diversity should be enriched and the landscape improved with island native zonal vegetation. ［Ch，2 tab. 21 ref.］

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