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食用向日葵产量与籽粒主要性状配合力及遗传分析

花匠小妙招
2024-12-19 19:19

摘要：

选用4份分枝型恢复系和6份雄性不育系材料作亲本,按照不完全双列杂交（NCII）设计配制24份向日葵杂交组合,对组合的小区产量、单株产量、单盘实粒数、百粒重、籽仁率、籽粒长度和籽粒宽度7个性状的亲本配合力、遗传参数及竞争优势进行分析。结果表明,24份组合的7个性状存在真实性的遗传差异。在亲本不育系一般配合力（GCA）选择的基础上,应注意组合特殊配合力（SCA）的选择,GCA效应值高的亲本育种潜力较大,组配出优势组合的概率大;籽粒长度和籽粒宽度的狭义遗传力较低,分别为7.91%和14.89%,不宜进行早代选择;GCA较高的不育系为亲本A和亲本D,其中亲本A在各性状上均为正向GCA效应值,且在供试不育系中,其GCA效应值最大,其次为亲本D;组合1×A小区产量的SCA效应值及竞争优势最高,为本试验中的最优组合,其他籽粒性状与对照相比也均有提升。

关键词: 向日葵, 一般配合力, 特殊配合力, 遗传参数

Abstract:

Four restorer lines and six sterile lines were designed to make 24 sunflower hybrid combinations by incomplete diallel cross method (NCII) to access the parents combining ability, genetic parameters and competitive advantage of seven traits including plot yield, plant yield, single flower grains, 100-grain weight, rate of seed, grain length and grain width. The results showed that seven traits of 24 combinations had genetic differences. On the basis of the GCA selection of parental sterile lines, attention should be paid to the selection of combination SCA, parent breeding with high GCA effect value has high potential and greater probability of group matching superior combinations. The characteristics of grain length and grain width were not appropriate to selection in early generation due to lower narrow sense heritabilities (the SCA of grain length and grain width were 7.91% and 14.89%, respectively). The sterile lines of parent A and parent D had higher GCA, the parent A was positive GCA effect values for each trait and its GCA effect was the largest in the sterile lines tested, and followed by parent D. The 1×A SCA effect value and competitive advantage of plot yield were the highest, it was the optimal combination in this experiment, other grain traits had also improve compared with controls.

Key words: Sunflower, General combining ability, Specific combining ability, Genetic parameter