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喀斯特石漠化山地退化土壤生态修复研究进展

花匠小妙招
2024-12-23 04:22

摘要：

喀斯特山地特殊的地质地貌和气候特点导致其土壤发育缓慢、土层浅薄、水土流失严重,在人为活动干扰下极易退化形成石漠化景观。笔者分析了喀斯特石漠化成因与治理措施,喀斯特山地土壤特点及存在的问题,总结了喀斯特山地退化土壤不同类型修复技术和修复措施对土壤理化性质及微生物特性的改良作用,并通过收集相关文献数据,采用Meta统计分析方法,比较和分析了生物炭、化肥、有机肥、化肥有机肥混施、生物炭基肥、生物覆盖和生物结皮等不同措施对喀斯特退化土壤物理性质、土壤水分、土壤侵蚀、土壤肥力、土壤微生物群落结构组成和类群多样性的影响差异和作用机理。总结认为:喀斯特山地土壤生态系统是植被恢复的重要基础,改善土壤质量是提升喀斯特植被生态修复成效的主要技术措施之一。施用生物炭和生物结皮技术可降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度和保水性能,具有显著的土壤改良效应;施用生物炭和生物炭基肥对土壤肥力的改良效应更为显著;生物覆盖技术可显著降低土壤侵蚀量。今后应在不同区域喀斯特山地退化土壤生态修复关键限制因子辨识、土壤改良集成技术对喀斯特退化土壤的生态修复效果、新型生物炭基菌肥研发、土壤固碳增汇技术等领域开展进一步研究。

关键词: 喀斯特, 石漠化, 退化土壤, 生态修复技术, Meta分析

Abstract:

The unique geological landform and climatic characteristics of the Karst mountainous sites lead to slow soil development, shallow soil layer and severe soil erosion, which can be easily degraded into a rocky desertification landscape under the disturbance of human activities. The soil ecosystem in Karst mountainous areas is an essential basis for vegetation restoration. This paper analyzes the causes and control measurements of Karst rocky desertification, characteristics and problems in Karst mountainous soil. The impacts of different remediation techniques and treatments on the soil physical and chemical properties and microbial properties of the degraded Karst mountainous sites were summarized. The Meta-analysis method was used to compare the effects and mechanisms of biochar, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, chemical and organic fertilizer mixture, biochar-based fertilizer, mulching, and biological crusts on soil physical properties, soil moisture, soil erosion, soil fertility, soil microbial community composition structure and diversity in the degraded Karst soils. Improving soil quality is one of the main technical measures to promote the ecological benefits of Karst vegetation restoration. The results showed that the biochar and biological crusting treatments could reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity and water retention, and then improve the soil quality. Biochar and biochar-based fertilizer applications had more significant effects on soil fertility improvement. Biological mulching could significantly reduce soil erosion degrees. Further research should be carried out in the identification of critical limiting factors for ecological restoration of the Karst degraded soil in different regions, the ecological remediation effects of the integrated soil improvement techniques on the Karst degraded soil, and the development of new biochar-based microbial fertilizers and soil carbon sequestration technology.

Key words: Karst, rocky desertification, degraded soil, ecological remediation techniques, Meta-analysis method

中图分类号:

S714