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不同玉米品种籽粒中营养成分含量及相关性分析

花匠小妙招
2024-12-25 10:59

摘要： 目的

本研究旨在分析不同玉米品种淀粉、非淀粉多糖（non-starch polysaccharides， NSP）及常规养分的含量和组成，并探索各养分含量之间的关系。

方法

基于国家畜禽养殖数据中心收集的14个品种的玉米样品，分别测定各玉米品种的淀粉、非淀粉多糖各部分以及常规养分的含量，并用主成分分析及简单相关分析研究各指标之间的相互关系。

结果

淀粉为玉米籽粒中最主要的组分，占干物质的70.97%~76.98%，其次为粗蛋白，占干物质的7.86%~10.34%，然后是NSP，占干物质的6.98%~9.76%。NSP中阿拉伯木聚糖（arabinoxylans， AX）和纤维素含量最高，并且不可溶性NSP（insoluble NSP，INSP）含量远高于可溶性NSP（soluble NSP，SNSP）。此外，玉米中粗脂肪和粗灰分含量不高，分别占干物质的3.55%~4.98%和1.08%~1.49%。淀粉含量与粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、总NSP（total NSP，TNSP）、INSP和不可溶性AX（insoluble AX， IAX）的含量之间具有显著的负相关（P<0.05）；TNSP与INSP和纤维素含量具有极显著的正相关（P<0.01）；INSP与粗灰分、纤维素含量，以及IAX均呈现显著的正相关（P<0.05）；SNSP与β-葡聚糖、纤维素呈显著的正相关（P<0.05），而与总AX（total AX， TAX）和可溶性AX（soluble AX， SAX）呈显著的负相关（P<0.05）；TAX与IAX呈极显著的正相关（P<0.01）；粗蛋白、粗灰分、TAX和IAX与阿拉伯糖/木糖（arabinose/xylose， A/X）（TAX）和A/X（IAX）均呈显著的负相关（P<0.05）；且A/X（TAX）和A/X（IAX）之间呈极显著的正相关（r=0.99， P<0.01）。

结论

不同品种玉米养分含量存在一定的差异，玉米干物质中淀粉、粗蛋白和非淀粉多糖含量最高，非淀粉多糖中阿拉伯木聚糖及纤维素为主要组分。各化学组分之间存在一定的相关性，但仍需进一步的研究。

关键词: 玉米, 淀粉, 非淀粉多糖, 相关性

Abstract: Objective

This study analyzed the contents and composition of starch, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), and nutritional components in grains of different maize cultivars, and evaluated correlations among the analyzed components.

Method

Based on 14 varieties maize samples collected by National Livestock and Poultry Breeding Data Center, the contents of starch, NSP, and nutritional components in grains of each maize cultivar were determined. The relationships among the components were examined using principal component analysis and simple correlation analysis.

Result

Starch was the most important component in the grain, accounting for 70.97%~76.98% of the dry matter, followed by crude protein, which comprised 7.86%~10.34% of the dry matter, and NSP, which comprised 6.98%~9.76% of the dry matter. The NSP were predominantly composed of arabinoxylans and cellulose. The content of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (INSP) was significantly higher than that of soluble non-starch polysaccharides (SNSP). The crude fat and crude ash contents in the grain were low and accounted for 3.55%~4.98% and 1.08%~1.49% of the dry matter, respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between starch content and crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, total non-starch polysaccharides (TNSP), INSP, and insoluble arabinoxylans (IAX) contents (P < 0.05). The TNSP and INSP contents showed strongly significant positive correlations with cellulose content (P < 0.01). The INSP content showed significant positive correlations with crude ash, cellulose, and IAX contents (P < 0.05). The SNSP content was significantly positively correlated with β-glucan and cellulose contents (P < 0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with total arabinoxylans (TAX) and soluble arabinoxylans (SAX) (P < 0.05). The TAX and IAX contents showed a strongly significant positive correlation (P < 0.01). Crude protein, crude ash, TAX, and IAX contents were significantly negatively correlated with arabinose: xylose ratio (A/X) of TAX and A/X of IAX (P < 0.05). A highly significant positive correlation was observed between A/X of TAX and A/X of IAX (r = 0.99, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Differences in the grain nutritional content were detected among the maize cultivars. Starch, crude protein, and NSP were the highest contributors to dry matter, and the predominant NSP components were arabinoxylans and cellulose. Correlations among certain nutritional components were observed, but further research on the relationship between them is needed.

Key words: maize, starch, non-starch polysaccharide, correlation

中图分类号:

S513