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北京市5种园林树种蒸腾耗水特性研究

花匠小妙招
2024-12-25 20:37

LU Shao-wei, DING Jie, LI Shao-ning, YANG Chao, CHEN Bo, LU Sen. Water Consumption by Transpiration of Landscape Trees in Beijing[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 32(7): 739-745. DOI: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.07.010

Citation: LU Shao-wei, DING Jie, LI Shao-ning, YANG Chao, CHEN Bo, LU Sen. Water Consumption by Transpiration of Landscape Trees in Beijing[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 32(7): 739-745. DOI: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.07.010

鲁绍伟, 丁杰4, 李少宁1, 2, 3, , , 杨超4, 陈波1, 2, 3, 路森5 1.

北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所, 北京 100093

北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心, 北京 100093

北京燕山森林生态系统定位观测研究站, 北京 100093

河北农业大学林学院, 河北保定 071000

河北省花卉管理中心, 河北石家庄 050051

详细信息

作者简介:

鲁绍伟(1969-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 研究方向:水土保持和森林生态服务功能(E-mail:hblsw@163.com)

通讯作者:

李少宁(1975-), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 研究方向:城市森林生态功能监测与评价(E-mail:lishaoning@126.com)

中图分类号: S718.43

计量文章访问数: 01112 HTML全文浏览量: 0144 PDF下载量: 0254 出版历程收稿日期: 2017-03-17 修回日期: 2017-05-03 刊出日期: 2017-06-30

Water Consumption by Transpiration of Landscape Trees in Beijing

LU Shao-wei1, 2, 3, , DING Jie4, LI Shao-ning1, 2, 3, , , YANG Chao4, CHEN Bo1, 2, 3, LU Sen5 1.

Forestry and Pomology Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China

Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 100093, China

College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China

Flowers Management Center of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China

摘要

摘要: 采用盆栽称重法研究白皮松、白蜡、银杏、山桃、枸杞的蒸腾耗水特性。结果表明：5种树种的蒸腾速率Tr、光合速率Pn、气孔导度Gs日变化均呈"M"型曲线，存在"午休"现象，水汽压亏缺VPD日变化为单峰曲线。树种蒸腾速率Tr与叶片气孔导度Gs、水汽压亏缺VPD呈线性正相关关系，白皮松相关性显著（R2=0.9795、R2=0.9884）。蒸腾速率Tr为枸杞（3.33 mmol·m-2·s-1）>白蜡（3.22 mmol·m-2·s-1）=山桃（3.22 mmol·m-2·s-1）>银杏（3.21 mmol·m-2·s-1）>白皮松（2.21 mmol·m-2·s-1）。树种耗水量为枸杞（0.090 g·cm-2·d-1）>白蜡（0.080 g·cm-2·d-1）>山桃（0.076 g·cm-2·d-1）=银杏（0.076 g·cm-2·d-1）>白皮松（0.032 g·cm-2·d-1）。白蜡、银杏月耗水量呈倒"V"曲线，白皮松、山桃、枸杞月耗水量呈"M"曲线，耗水量为7月（0.083 g·cm-2·d-1）> 9月（0.078 g·cm-2·d-1）> 8月（0.075 g·cm-2·d-1）> 6月（0.071 g·cm-2·d-1）> 10月（0.060 g·cm-2·d-1）> 5月（0.057 g·cm-2·d-1）。白皮松秋季耗水多，其他树种为夏季耗水多。山桃、银杏抗旱能力强于枸杞、白蜡和白皮松。研究结果可为园林植物的合理配植与水分的合理利用等提供依据。

关键词: 园林树种 / 蒸腾特性 / 耗水量 / 北京

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study the photosynthesis and the transpiration of 5 landscape trees commonly found in Beijing, Pinus bungeana, Fraxinus chinensis, Ginkgo biloba, Prunus davidiana, and Lycium chincnse. The results showed that, with ample supply of water, the rates of photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) on leaves of the nursery stocks in a day consistently changed in an M-shape curve with a "lunch break" at noon time. The changes on vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exhibited a single peak curve. Tr linearly correlated with Gs as well as VPD. The correlation coefficient (R2) between Tr and Gs of P. bungeana was 0.9795; and, that between Tr and VPD, 0.9884. Tr of the 5 species ranked L. chincnse (3.33 mmol·m-2·s-1) > F. chinensis (3.22 mmol·m-2·s-1) > P. davidiana (3.22 mmol·m-2·s-1)=G. biloba (3.21 mmol·m-2·s-1) > P. bungeana (2.21 mmol·m-2·s-1). The water consumptions for the trees were L. chincnse (0.090 g·cm-2·d-1) > F.chinensis (0.080 g·cm-2·d-1) > Prunus davidiana (0.076 g·cm-2·d-1)=G. biloba (0.076 g·cm-2·d-1)>P. bungeana (0.032 g·cm-2·d-1). The monthly water consumptions of F. chinensis and G. biloba exhibited in a V-shape curve; while, P. bungeana, P. davidiana and L. chincnse, an M-shape curve with twin peaks. Seasonally, the water consumptions of the trees decrease in the order of July (0.083 g·cm-2·d-1) > September (0.078 g·cm-2·d-1) > August (0.075 g·cm-2·d-1) > June (0.071 g·cm-2·d-1) > October (0.060 g·cm-2·d-1) > May (0.057 g·cm-2·d-1). And, P. bungeana consumed the greatest amount of water in autumn, while others in summer. On draught resistance, P. davidiana and G. biloba were more tolerant to the stress than L. chincnse, F. chinensis or P. bungeana.

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图 1 典型天气条件下树种耗水量

Figure 1. Water consumptions of landscape trees under typical weather conditions

图 2 树种耗水量月变化

Figure 2. Changes on monthly water consumption of landscape trees

图 3 树种耗水量季节变化

Figure 3. Seasonal changes on water consumption of landscape trees

图 4 树种光合速率与蒸腾速率日变化

Figure 4. Changes on rates of photosynthesis and transpiration of landscape trees in a day

图 5 树种水分利用效率日变化

Figure 5. Changes on daily water usage efficiency of landscape trees

图 6 树种气孔导度与水汽压亏缺日变化

Figure 6. Changes on Gs and VPD of landscape trees in a day

图 7 树种蒸腾速率与气孔导度和水汽压亏缺相关关系

注：三角形和圆形分别代表蒸腾速率Tr与气孔导度Gs和水汽压亏缺VPD的相关性。

Figure 7. Correlations among Tr, Gs and VPD of landscape trees

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