首页 > 分享 > 花铃期短期渍水和高温对棉花叶片光合特性、膜脂过氧化代谢及产量的影响

花铃期短期渍水和高温对棉花叶片光合特性、膜脂过氧化代谢及产量的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-12-26 23:11

渍水和高温是长江中下游地区棉花生育中后期的主要气象灾害。2011和2012年在桶栽栽培条件下，研究了棉花花铃期功能叶光合特性、膜脂过氧化代谢对渍水（土表积水2～3 cm，7 d）、高温（7 d，每天持续6 h）及其复合胁迫的响应差异及其与产量的关系。结果表明，渍水、高温单独处理均增加了棉花主茎倒4叶超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase，POD）活性和丙二醛（Malonaldehyde，MDA）含量。渍水和高温共同处理导致SOD活性降低，POD活性迅速增强和MDA含量急剧增加。渍水、高温及渍水+高温均降低了叶片SPAD值、光系统II最大光化学量子产量（Maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II，Fv/Fm）和潜在光化学活性（Potential photochemical activity of photosystem II，Fv/F0）；同时降低了叶片净光合速率（Net photosynthesis rate，Pn）、气孔导度（Stomatal conductance，Cs）和蒸腾速率（Transpiration rate，Tr），增加了胞间二氧化碳浓度（Intercellular CO2 concentration，Ci）；减少了单株成铃数，降低了铃重，进而降低了籽棉产量，而对衣分影响不明显。从产量受害程度来看，渍水+高温（23.0%）＞渍水（17.1%）＞高温（9.8%）。除Ci外，SPAD值（叶绿素含量）、Pn、Tr、Cs、Fv/Fm及Fv/F0与产量均呈显著正相关关系，其中SPAD值与产量的相关性最好。可将功能叶SPAD值作为作物响应逆境胁迫的敏感指标，应用到棉花抗逆能力评价和气象灾害减产评估之中。

Abstract

Waterlogging (WL) and high temperature (HT) are main meteorological factors affecting the middle or late cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth period in the Yangtze river region of China. However, the effects of these together on physiological metabolism and yield in cotton plants have not been reported in depth. Pot experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station for Teaching and Scientific Research, Yangtze University, China during cotton flowering and boll-forming in 2011 and 2012. The responses of photosynthetic traits, membrane peroxidation metabolism of leaves (fourth from the top), and yield-related components to short-term WL (2-3 cm layer of surface water for 7 d) or HT (6 h per day for 7 d) alone and together (WL+HT) were analyzed. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaf increased under either WL or HT conditions. SOD activity was significantly reduced under WL+HT conditions, while POD and MDA activity rapidly increased. The chlorophyll content (SPAD value), maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and potential photochemical activity of photosystem II (Fv/F0) all decreased significantly under all three conditions. The photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cs), and transpiration rate(Tr) also decreased under these conditions, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) increased. Seed yield losses were largely attributed to fewer boll sets and lower boll quality with combined WL and HT treatment. The highest reduction in cotton yield was observed in WL+HT treated plants (23.0%), followed by WL (17.1%), and HT (9.8%). Except for Ci, the SPAD value, Pn, Tr, Cs, Fv/Fm, and Fv/F0 showed significant positive correlations with yield, with the SPAD value having the strongest positive correlation. Therefore, the SPAD value of functional leaves could be used as a sensitive indicator to assess cotton crop adaptations to stress, and evaluate crop production losses induced by unpredictable agrometeorological disasters in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze in China.

关键词

棉花 /渍水与高温 /抗氧化酶 /光合特性 /产量{{custom_keyword}} /

Keywords

/cotton /waterlogging and high temperature / antioxidant enzymes / photosynthetic characteristic / yield{{custom_keyword}} /

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