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大麦抗蠕孢叶斑病遗传资源鉴定及主要抗病类型分析

花匠小妙招
2025-01-03 02:46

大麦蠕孢叶斑病是由兼性寄生麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌(Bipolaris sorokiniana)引起的重要叶部病害,在世界大麦种植区域均有发生,尤其在气候温暖湿润地区最具破坏性,能造成严重的产量损失,也是我国东北春麦区目前首要真菌流行病害。蠕孢叶斑病主要在大麦生育中后期流行为害,种植抗病品种是防治该病害最经济有效的措施。本研究利用2个来自东北麦区强致病力优势菌株Z 12028和Z 15525对350份大麦种质资源进行苗期和成株期接种鉴定,仅1份材料2013F61903苗期高抗Z12028菌株,未发现对叶斑病免疫的材料。针对2个强致病力菌株,从中获得9份全生育期抗病材料,即ZDM00009、ZDM00013、ZDM00094、ZDM08888、ZDM01414、ND14049、ND B112、Newdale和垦啤麦9号;ZDM00074、Bowman、Stander等14份材料(4.3%)仅在苗期抗病,成株期却感病;72份材料(28.3%)属于成株抗病类型。对Z 12028和Z 15525菌株具有成株抗性的品种所占比例分别为28.1%和29.5%。因此,抗蠕孢叶斑病的大麦种质资源中保留成株抗性的材料明显多于全生育期抗性类型。本研究结果能为发掘大麦抗叶斑病新基因提供重要抗源材料。

Abstract

Barley spot blotch, caused by the facultative B. sorokiniana, is an important foliar disease on barley, being widely prevalent in most barley-growing regions in the world. It is most destructive especially in the regions with warm and moist climates, consequently bringing about serious yield losses.Presently, spot blotch is the first important fungal epidemic disease in the spring barley-growing regions in northeastern China.The disease usually occurs in mid- and late-growth stages of barley. Growing resistant varietiesis, therefore,the most cost-effective measure for the disease control. In this study, two highly virulent dominant B.sorokiniana isolates Z12028 and Z15525 derived from northeastern China were selected to identify spot blotch resistance in barley germplasm accessions at the seedling and adult plant stages. Only one accession 2013F61903 was found to be highly resistant to Z12028 at the seedling stage, and no immune one accession to B. sorokiniana was detected. Nine accessions, such as ZDM00009,ZDM00013,ZDM00094,ZDM08888,ZDM01414,ND14049,ND B112,Newdale, and kenpimai 9 among the tested germplasm accessions, were found to be of allstage resistance to the both highly virulent isolates; fourteen accessions (4.3%)like ZDM00074,Bowman and Stander were resistant only at the seedling stage but susceptible at the adult plant stage, and another 72 accessions(28.3%) of adult plant resistance to spot blotch. Barley accessions of adult plant resistance accounted for 28.1% and 29.5% to Z12028 and Z15525, respectively. As a result, the percentage of adult plant resistant accessions to spot blotch was significantly higher than that of those with all stage resistance. The results of this study provided valuable resistant resources for exploiting new spot blotch resistance genes.

关键词

大麦 /叶斑病 /生育期 /苗期抗性 /成株抗性 /全生育期抗性{{custom_keyword}} /

Key words

Hordeum vulgare L. /spot blotch /growth stage /seedling resistance /adult plant resistance /all stage resistance{{custom_keyword}} /

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