首页 > 分享 > 氮素穗肥施用期对一季籼粳杂交稻氮肥效率、产量和品质的影响

氮素穗肥施用期对一季籼粳杂交稻氮肥效率、产量和品质的影响

花匠小妙招
2025-01-03 06:39

摘要：

2019-2020年在江西进贤以籼粳杂交稻甬优12为材料，在施氮量255kg/hm2、基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥=4:3:3条件下，设置8个氮素穗肥施用期处理，研究其对产量及其构成因素、齐穗后干物质积累量及剑叶相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、氮肥利用率和稻米品质的影响，探索一季籼粳杂交稻氮素穗肥的最佳施用期。结果表明，随着穗肥施用期的推迟，穗粒数和产量均呈先增加后降低的趋势，且在抽穗前14d处理产量最高；抽穗后水稻剑叶SPAD值的变化则呈现不同的趋势，抽穗前35~14d施肥为逐渐降低，抽穗前7d至抽穗后14d为先升高后缓慢降低；抽穗后干物质积累量、氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力呈先增加后下降趋势，以抽穗前14d或21d施穗肥处理最高。穗肥施用期对水稻出糙率、精米率、整精米率、粒长和籽粒长宽比影响不显著，但显著影响垩白粒率和垩白度，随施用期推迟，垩白粒率和垩白度逐渐降低。总之，抽穗前14~21d是一季籼粳杂交稻的最佳氮素穗肥施用期，有利于提高抽穗后叶片SPAD值和群体干物质积累量，促进氮肥的吸收与利用，确保充足的穗数和较大的穗型，增产提质显著。

关键词: 一季籼粳杂交稻, 氮素穗肥, 肥料施用期, 产量, 氮肥利用率, 稻米品质

Abstract:

Taking indica and japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 12 as material, eight nitrogen application periods were set in Jinxian, Jiangxi province from 2019 to 2020 under the conditions of nitrogen application rate of 255kg/ha, the base fertilizer:tillering fertilizer:panicle fertilizer=4:3:3. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and its components, dry matter accumulation, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of leaves, nitrogen utilization rate and rice quality were studied to explore the best application period of nitrogen fertilizer in panicle of one- season indica-japonica hybrid rice. The results showed that the grains per panicle and yield increased firstly and then decreased with the delay of the application time of panicle fertilizer. The N panicle fertilizer applied at 14d before heading significantly increased rice yield. The SPAD value of the flag leaf after heading changed with different trends, which decreased with the delay of the application time (14d to 35d before heading) and increased firstly and then decreased with the delay of the application time (seven days before heading to 14 days after heading) of panicle fertilizer. With the delay of the application time of panicle fertilizer, the dry matter accumulation after heading and N use efficiency increased firstly and then decreased, and the highest value appeared in treatments of N spike fertilizer applied at 14d or 21d before heading. The chalkiness rate and chalkiness were significantly affected by application time of panicle fertilizer, whereas no significant difference was found in brown rate, milled rate, head rate, chalkiness degree and length-width ratio of rice grain in different treatments. With the delay of the application time of panicle fertilizer, the chalkiness rate and chalkiness decreased gradually. In short, 14-21d before heading were the best N spike fertilizer application time of one-season indica-japonica hybrid rice, which increased the indexes such as SPAD value and dry matter accumulation after heading, as well as the absorption and utilization of N fertilizer, more panicles and larger panicles, so as to increase the yield and quality significantly.

Key words: One-season indica-japonica hybrid rice, Nitrogen panicle fertilizer, Stage of fertilizer application, Yield, Utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, Rice quality