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鱼鳔槐Colutea arborescens Linn.

花匠小妙招
2025-01-08 21:06

鱼鳔槐Colutea arborescens Linn.

别名：bladder senna;灯笼槐;膀胱豆;鱼膘槐;

科名：豆科 Leguminosae

属名：鱼鳔槐属 Colutea

《中国植物志》第42(1)卷003页
  2. 鱼鳔槐（中国树木分类学补编）图版1：8-15
  Colutea arborescens Linn. Sp. Pl. 723. 1753; DC. Prodr. 2: 270. 1825; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 574. 1842; Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 103. 1879; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: 87. 1907; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs 512. 1940; 中国主要植物图说·豆科312. 图 309, 1955; 东北植物检索表 181. 1959.
  落叶灌木，高1-4米，小枝幼时被细小白色伏毛；羽状复叶有7-13片小叶，长6-15厘米，叶轴上面具沟槽；托叶三角形、披针状三角形至披针状镰形，长2-3毫米，被白色柔毛。小叶长圆形至倒卵形，长1-3厘米，宽6-15毫米，先端微凹或圆钝，具小尖头，上面绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，疏生短伏毛，薄纸质，具清楚而分离的脉序。总状花序长达5-6厘米，生6-8花；苞片卵状披针形，长2毫米，先端钝尖，与花梗同被黑褐色或混生白色疏短伏毛；花梗长约1厘米；花萼长约5毫米，萼齿三角形，为萼筒长的1/4-1/3，先端锐尖，外面疏被黑褐色及白色伏毛，萼筒内侧上缘密被灰白色至褐色毛；花冠鲜黄色，旗瓣宽略大于长，长15-17毫米，先端微凹，基部圆，具长2-4毫米的瓣柄，胼胝体新月形，稍隆起，翼瓣长11-14毫米，近基部最宽，宽达4毫米，上部常渐狭，先端钝尖，基部一侧具弯曲的耳，与瓣柄等宽，瓣柄长4毫米，龙骨瓣瓣片半圆形至三角状半圆形，先端宽达11毫米，多少凹入，基部宽5毫米，瓣柄长8-9毫米，耳近三角状半圆形；子房密被短柔毛，花柱弯曲，几与子房成直角，先端内卷，近轴面（内侧）被白色纵列髯毛。荚果长卵形，长6-8厘米，宽2-3厘米，两端尖，带绿色或近基部稍带红色，无毛至近无毛；种子扁，近黑色至绿褐色。花期5-7月，果期7-10月。
  辽宁（大连）、北京、山东（青岛）、陕西（武功）、江苏（南京）有零星引种栽培供观赏。原产欧洲。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Colutea arborescens Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 723. 1753.
鱼鳔槐 yu biao huai
Shrubs, deciduous, 1-4 m tall. Young branches with fine white hairs. Leaves pinnate, 7-13-foliolate, 6-15 cm, with groove on rachis; stipules triangular or lanceolate-triangular to lanceolate-falcate, 2-3 mm; leaflets abaxially gray-green, adax-ially green, oblong to obovate, 1-3 cm × 6-15 mm, thinly leathery, abaxially sparsely shortly hairy, adaxially glabrous, venation clear and free, apex retuse or obtuse, mucronate. Ra-cemes 5-6 cm, 6-8-flowered; bract ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, blackish brown or intermixed white scattered shortly sericeous, apex obtuse. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 5 mm; tube inside upper part densely pallid to brown hairy; teeth triangular, 1/4-1/3 as long as calyx tube, outside sparsely blackish brown and white sericeous, apex argute. Corolla yellow; standard slightly wider than long, 15-17 mm, base rounded, apex retuse, stalk 2-4 mm, calluses crescent-shaped, slightly convex; wings 11-14 mm, widest near base, to 4 mm wide, upper part often attenu-ate, curved auriculate at one lateral base, equal to stalk, ca. 4 mm, apex obtuse; keel suborbicular to triangular-suborbicular, ± concave, ca. 5 mm wide and trian-gular-suborbicular auricu-late at base, to 11 mm wide at apex, auricle intersecting stalk at an acute angle, stalk 8-9 mm. Ovary densely pubescent; style curved, at slight right angle with ovary, inrolled at apex, adaxially longitudinally white barbate. Legume greenish or slightly red at base, narrowly ovate, 6-8 × 2-3 cm, glabrous to subglabrate, both ends acute. Seeds complanate, blackish to green-brown. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Oct.
Cultivated for ornament. Beijing, Jiangsu (Nanjing), Liaoning (Dalian), Shaanxi (Wugong), Shandong (Qingdao) [native to C and S Europe].