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蒜Allium sativum Linn.

花匠小妙招
2025-01-13 19:56

别名：大蒜;大蒜头;独蒜;独头蒜;烘姆定姆;胡蒜;葫;豁荒;青蒜;萨日木萨格;蒜头;

科名：百合科 Liliaceae

属名：葱属 Allium

《中国植物志》第14卷268页
  94. 蒜葫图96
  Allium sativum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 296. 1753; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志, 698. 1956; 北师大, 北京地区植物志, 284, 图308. 1975.——A. pekinense Prekh. in Bull. Appl. Bot. Pl. Breed. 24 (2) 181. 1930.
  鳞茎球状至扁球状，通常由多数肉质、瓣状的小鳞茎紧密地排列而成，外面被数层白色至带紫色的膜质鳞茎外皮。叶宽条形至条状披针形，扁平，先端长渐尖，比花葶短，宽可达2.5厘米。花葶实心，圆柱状，高可达60厘米，中部以下被叶鞘；总苞具长7-20厘米的长喙，早落；伞形花序密具珠芽，间有数花；小花梗纤细；小苞片大，卵形，膜质，具短尖；花常为淡红色；花被片披针形至卵状披针形，长3-4毫米，内轮的较短；花丝比花被片短，基部合生并与花被片贴生，内轮的基部扩大，扩大部分每侧各具1齿，齿端成长丝状，长超过花被片，外轮的锥形；子房球状；花柱不伸出花被外。花期7月。
  原产亚洲西部或欧洲。世界上已有悠久的栽培历史，我国南北普遍栽培，幼苗、花葶和鳞茎均供蔬食，鳞茎还可以作药用。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Allium sativum Linnaeus
蒜 suan
Allium pekinense Prokhanov.
Bulb solitary, globose to applanate-globose, usually consisting of several bulbels covered with a common tunic; tunic white to purple, membranous, entire. Leaves broadly linear to linear-lanceolate, shorter than scape, to 2.5 cm wide, apex acuminate. Scape 25--50 cm, terete, covered with leaf sheaths for ca. 1/2 its length. Spathe deciduous; beak 7--20 cm. Umbel with many bulblets and few flowers. Pedicels slender, longer than perianth; bracteoles ovate, rather large, membranous, apex acute. Perianth usually pale red; outer segments ovate-lanceolate, ca. 4 × 1.4 mm; inner ones ovate, ca. 3 × 1.4 mm. Filaments shorter than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments; outer ones subulate; inner ones broadened at base, 1-toothed on each side, teeth with apex filiform and longer than perianth segments. Ovary globose. Style not exserted. Fl. Jul. 2 n = 16*, 48.
Cultivated as a vegetable [native to Asia; also widely cultivated].