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习见蓼Polygonum plebeium R. Br.

花匠小妙招
2025-01-16 03:11

习见蓼Polygonum plebeium R. Br.

别名：common knotweed;小萹蓄;萹蓄;腋药蓼;猪牙草;腋花藤;腋花蓼;小扁蓄;小（扌+竹+留）蓄;米子草;烂布筋;可见蓼;节花路蓼;额格乐-希没乐得格;铁马齿苋;假扁蓄;小匾蓄;铁马鞭;珠仔蓼;珠仔草;腋蓼;叶花蓼;小叶扁蓄;常见蓼;铁马齿黄;细叶锅巴草;蚂蚁草;节花蕗蓼;米子蓼;假萹蓄;花蓼;小果蓼;

科名：蓼科 Polygonaceae

属名：蓼属 Polygonum

《中国植物志》第25(1)卷011页
  9.习见蓼（中国北部植物图志）铁马齿苋图版1: 1-3
  Polygonum plebeium R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 420. 1810; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 287. 1861; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 346. 1891; Kung in Liou, Fl. Ill. N. Chine 5: 35. pl. 13. 1936;湖北植物志1: 223.图295. 1976;台湾植物志2: 277.图295. 1976; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 243. 1979; Borod. in Pl. Asiae Centr. 9: 103. 1989——P. aviculare L. var. minutiflorum Franch. Pl. David. 1: 253. 1884.——P. humifusum Pall. ex Ledeb. var. mandshurica Skv. in Bar. et Skv. Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mandsh. 4. 1943.——P. parviflorum Chang et Li, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Orient. 2: 31. f. 22. 1959, non Gromov 1817. ——P. changii Kitag. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 40: 54. 1965.
  一年生草本。茎平卧，自基部分枝，长10-40厘米，具纵棱，沿棱具小突起，通常小枝的节间比叶片短。叶狭椭圆形或倒披针形，长0.5-1.5厘米，宽2-4毫米，顶端钝或急尖，基部狭楔形，两面无毛，侧脉不明显；叶柄极短或近无柄；托叶鞘膜质，白色，透明，长2.5-3毫米，顶端撕裂，花3-6朵，簇生于叶腋，遍布于全植株；苞片膜质；花梗中部具关节，比苞片短；花被5深裂；花被片长椭圆形，绿色，背部稍隆起，边缘白色或淡红色，长1-1.5毫米；雄蕊5, 花丝基部稍扩展，比花被短；花柱3, 稀2, 极短，柱头头状。瘦果宽卵形，具3锐棱或双凸镜状，长1.5-2毫米，黑褐色，平滑，有光泽，包于宿存花被内。花期5-8月，果期6-9月。
  除西藏外，分布几遍全国。生田边、路旁、水边湿地，海拔30-2200米。日本、印度、大洋洲、欧洲及非洲也有。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
9. Polygonum plebeium R. Brown, Prodr. 420. 1810.
铁马鞭 tie ma bian Polygonum aviculare Linnaeus var. minutiflorum Franchet; P. changii Kitagawa; P. humifusum Pallas ex Ledebour var. mandshuricum Skvortsov; P. parviflorum Y. L. Chang & S. H. Li (1959), not Schott (1818), nor Gromov (1917); P. plebeium subsp. changii (Kitagawa) V. N. Voroschilov.
Herbs annual. Stems prostrate, 10-40 cm tall, much branched from base, usually internodes shorter than leaves. Petiole very short or nearly absent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 5-15 × 2-4 mm, both surfaces with conspicuous midvein and inconspicuous lateral veins, base narrowly cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or acute; ocrea white, 2.5-3 mm, membranous, apex lacerate. Flowers 3-6, in axillary fascicles; bracts membranous. Pedicels shorter than bracts, articulate at middle. Perianth green, margin white or pinkish, 5-parted; tepals narrowly elliptic, 1-1.5 mm, abaxially with prominent veins. Stamens 5; filaments included, slightly dilated at base. Styles 3, rarely 2, very short; stigmas capitate. Achenes included in persistent perianth, black-brown, shiny, broadly ovoid, trigonous or biconvex, 1.5-2 mm, smooth. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 20.Near fields and roads, wet areas; sea level to 2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Russia (Far East), Thailand; N Africa, Australia, ?introduced in Europe].