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北方某铀矿区野生草本植物的铀富集能力研究

花匠小妙招
2025-03-10 15:32

摘要： 目的：了解北方某铀矿区内放射性核素铀在不同工位野生草本植物体中的富集特征，为进一步探讨利用植物修复技术对铀矿区进行土壤修复的可行性与核事故应急情况下食品安全性评估提供基础数据。方法：观察矿区野生植物生长状况，采集矿区不同工位常见野生草本植物样本，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析仪（ICP-MS）测定所采植物和土壤样品中放射性铀的含量，针对植物对铀的耐受性和富集能力进行评估。并对矿区不同地点γ剂量率水平进行测定。结果：经对采集的植物中铀含量检测发现植物的地下部分铀含量高于地上部分，铀主要集中在根部，植物各部位铀含量由高到低分别为根、叶、茎、花果。3号地的红蓼根部铀含量较高为64.10 μg/g，其根部富集系数高达2.29。在矿区外2 km处玉米地采集的玉米铀含量检测中，发现可食用部分玉米粒铀含量相对较少，其对铀的富集系数极低为0.000 9，而非食用部分玉米叶子含量相对较高，其富集系数为0.039。结论：所调查的北方某铀矿区内不同工位所采植物样品中铀含量基本是地下部分大于地上部分，铀主要富集于植物根部，植物各部位铀含量根 > 叶 > 茎 > 花果。利用植物的富集作用，一方面可应用于植物修复污染土壤改善生态环境，另一方面应用于核事故应急状态下对食品的安全性进行评估，进一步研究植物的富集作用具有一定的应用价值和现实意义。

关键词: 铀矿, 铀, 富集能力, 野生草本植物

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The project was based firstly on field surveys to understand plant community ecology around uranium tailings in the North as well as the dominant plant and soil uranium concentrations. Secondly,the characteristics of radioactive nuclide uranium accumulation in the plant was determined in order to further explore phytoremediation technology for uranium-contaminated soil repair. METHODS: To observe the growth condition of mining area of wild plants,to collect common wild herbaceous plant samples in different work places,to detect the content of radioactive uranium using ICP-MS in plants and soil,to screen out plants of strong capability to accumulate uranium,and to explore the methods and technique of phytoremediation technology with contaminated soil. RESULTS: The uranium content of in the underground part of plants samples was higher than that of the above ground part. For each plant,the uranium content from high to low was root,leaf,stem,flowers and fruit respectively. In the No. 3 work place,the uranium content of Polygonum orientale L. root was 64.10 μg/g which was 2.29×higher than that of other plants. At 2 km outside the uranium mine area,the uranium content in edible part (niblet) of collected samples of corn was lower than that in the inedible parts. The uranium enrichment coefficient in edible part of corn (niblet) was 0.000 9,the inedible part of corn was 0.039. CONCLUSION: Plant samples around uranium mine sites showed accumulation of uranium. Enrichment was mainly in plant roots and uranium content in different parts of plant were root > leaf > stem > flower and fruit. Enrichment of plants can be used for phytoremediation of soil pollution,for improvement of ecological environment,and for evaluation of food safety in nuclear accident emergency. Further study on plant enrichment of uranium can have application value and practical significance.

Key words: uranium mine, uranium, accumulation, herbaceous plant

中图分类号:

TL75